The contribution of European case registers to research on schizophrenia

Psychiatric case registers have become important instruments for epidemiological research and for the evaluation of care provided for persons suffering from schizophrenia. Under the condition of a sufficient provision of care, case registers permit relatively reliable estimates of "treated" incidence and prevalence, and enable the investigation of associations between morbidity risks, disease courses, and variables such as ecological, social, and occupational factors. The linkage with twin, adoption, and birth registers provides new opportunities for the investigation of the impact of genetic versus environmental factors on the probability of becoming ill with schizophrenia. On the basis of long-term utilization figures, case registers enable a valid measure for controlling utilization, effectiveness, quality, and costs of care. Because case registers take demographic and regional factors into account, they enable better planning of mental health services--a task that grows more important with the shift from hospital-based to community-based treatment, especially for the chronic patients.     

Hepatic hemobilia: Hemorrhage from the intrahepatic biliary tract,a review

Hepatic hemobilia is defined as hemorrhage arising from pathological changes in the intrahepatic biliary tract. The main causes are iatrogenic trauma, cholangitis, tumors, and coagulopathy. The salient features of the hemobilia syndrome are described and their causes explained. The treatment, when necessitated by hemorrhage or clot formation, is either resection of the liver or occlusion of the responsible artery by ligature or embolization. The iatrogenic trauma may be operative, resulting from instrumental lesion of the bile ducts, needle biopsy, transhepatic cholangiography, biliary tract prosthesis, or inlaying hepatic artery catheters. Among the inflammatory etiologies, special attention is given to nematodes in the ducts, the tropical hemobilia. Spontaneous hemobilia may, just as nose bleeds or hematuria, result from treatment with anticoagulants.

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Résumé L'hémobilie d'origine hépatique répond à l'hémorragie qui provient de lésions situées au niveau des voies biliaires intra-hépatiques. Les causes principales en sont le traumatisme, l'angiocholite, les tumeurs et les troubles de la coagulation. Les caracteres saillants de l'hémobilie sont décrits ainsi que ses causes. Le traitement quand il devient nécessaire en raison de l'importance de l'hémorragie ou de la formation de caillots consiste à réséquer une partie du parenchyme hépatique ou à obtenir l'occlusion de la plaie vasculaire par ligature ou par embolisation.Le traumatisme peut être d'origine iatrogène, qu'il soit le fait d'une lésion instrumentale des canaux biliaires hépatiques, d'une biopsie du foie à l'aiguille, de la cholangiographie transhépatique, ou encore de la présence d'une prothèse au niveau des voies biliaires ou d'un cathéter artériel.Parmi les causes inflammatoires une attention spéciale doit être accordée à l'existence de nématodes au niveau des canaux biliaires intra-hépatiques qui sont à l'origine de l'hémobilie tropicale.L'hémobilie spontanée, comme l'épistaxis ou l'hématurie, peut être la conséquence d'un traitement anti-coagulant.ResumenLa hemobilia hepática se define como hemorragia proveniente de alteraciones patológicas en el tracto biliar intrahepatico. Las causas principales son el trauma iatrogénico, la colangitis, los tumores y la coagulopatía. Se describen las características sobresalientes del síndrome de hemobilia y se explican sus causas. El tratamiento, cuando se hace necesario por hemorragia o por formación de coágulos, es la resección del hígado o la oclusión de la arteria responsable por ligadura o por embolización. El trauma iatrogénico puede ser de origen operatorio, como resultado de lesión instrumental de los canales biliares, biopsia por aguja, colangiografía transhepática, prótesis en el tracto biliar y catéteres colocados en la arteria hepática. Entre las etiologías de naturaleza inflamatoria se presta atención especial a la presencia de nemátodos en los canales, la hemobilia tropical. Al igual de lo que ocurre con las epistaxis o las hematurias, la hemobilia espontanea puede ser consecuencia de tratamientos con anticoagulantes.

     

IBA损伤老化鼠脑Meynert核的AD模型动物研究

目的研究定位损伤脑胆碱能系Alzheimer病(AD)模型大鼠学习能力及相关脑神经肽免疫组化改变.方法用兴奋性毒素鹅膏蕈氨酸(IBA)定位损伤大鼠脑右侧Meynert核,观察模型动物学习能力改变(Y型迷宫法),并用分光光度法和免疫组化染色法观察动物脑胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性和皮层及海马β-淀粉样肽前体(β-APP)、生长抑素(SOM)及P物质(SP)的表达情况.结果模型组老化大鼠经损伤后,学习能力及脑AchE活性显著低于对照组(P均＜0.05).β-APP在额叶皮层和海马的表达均升高,而S()M表达则显著减少,用IBA及β-AP25-35同时损伤鼠脑时,可显示脑皮质区SP表达增加(P均＜0. 01).单独用IBA注射无效.结论IBA损伤老化大鼠脑Meynert核建立的动物模型,显示胆碱能系统损伤,学习能力障碍,β-APP过表达而神经肽SOM表达降低,一定条件下SP表达增加,与AD病人某些临床和病理特征基本一致.     

热力学模型对石油低压汽液平衡计算的适用性

以Maxwell-Bonnel图拟合式、对比态Antoine方程及Pitzer-Riedel关联式分别求算饱和蒸汽压P^0,并用RoultK值（K＝P^0／P）,计算窄留分K值。根据实测的中原、孤岛和克拉玛依石油馏分低压K值,考察上述三式,结果表明：对比态Antoine式预测精度是最好的,其温度预测绝对平均偏差为7．0℃,K值预测平均相对偏差为15．6％,其他两模型偏差均较大。     

How to perform high ultrasound examination of skin involvement among patients with systemic sclerosis – proposition of a unified protocol

IntroductionA fast and cheap method of skin assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an area of extensive research. Established in 1979, the Rodnan skin score is a palpation-based method used among clinicians. This method has some limitations, such as: examiner’s skills, subjective results, and no standardization. In the last few years researchers have been exploring ultrasound-based techniques as a possible tool for skin assessment among patients with SSc. The aim of the study is to develop a protocol of elastography-based skin imaging evaluation among patients with SSc.Material and methodsReview of the literature and own experience.ResultsProposition of elastography-based skin imaging protocol among patients with SSc.ConclusionsThe authors present a potential protocol of ultrasound-based examination of skin involvement among patients with SSc.     

Distinct immunopathological mechanisms of EBV-positive and EBV-negative posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

EBV-positive and EBV-negative posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) arise in different immunovirological contexts and might have distinct pathophysiologies. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a multicentric prospective study with 56 EBV-positive and 39 EBV-negative PTLD patients of the K-VIROGREF cohort, recruited at PTLD diagnosis and before treatment (2013–2019), and compared them to PTLD-free Transplant Controls (TC, n = 21). We measured absolute lymphocyte counts (n = 108), analyzed NK- and T cell phenotypes (n = 49 and 94), and performed EBV-specific functional assays (n = 16 and 42) by multiparameter flow cytometry and ELISpot-IFNγ assays (n = 50). EBV-negative PTLD patients, NK cells overexpressed Tim-3; the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was poorer in patients with a CD4 lymphopenia (CD4⁺<300 cells/mm³, p <  .001). EBV-positive PTLD patients presented a profound NK-cell lymphopenia (median = 60 cells/mm³) and a high proportion of NK cells expressing PD-1 (vs. TC, p = .029) and apoptosis markers (vs. TC, p < .001). EBV-specific T cells of EBV-positive PTLD patients circulated in low proportions, showed immune exhaustion (p = .013 vs. TC) and poorly recognized the N-terminal portion of EBNA-3A viral protein. Altogether, this broad comparison of EBV-positive and EBV-negative PTLDs highlight distinct patterns of immunopathological mechanisms between these two diseases and provide new clues for immunotherapeutic strategies and PTLD prognosis.     

Protroca: A Noninterventional Study on Prophylactic Lipegfilgrastim against Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Nonselected Breast Cancer Patients

BackgroundProtroca evaluated the efficacy and safety of primary and secondary prophylaxis of neutropenia with lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex®) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Patients and MethodsOf the 255 patients enrolled, 248 patients were evaluable for the intent-to-treat (ITT) and 194 patients for the per-protocol set. Primary and secondary end points after lipegfilgrastim treatment were assessed.ResultsNine patients of the ITT set receiving lipegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis (n = 222) had febrile neutropenia of grade 3–4 (5 patients) or infection of grade 3–4 (4 patients); 1/26 of those receiving secondary prophylaxis had an event. Dose reductions were performed in 9.5% of the patients. Postponement of cancer CT cycles for >3 days occurred in <15% of patients; 10.8% (92/851 AEs) and 8% (2/25 SAEs) of documented adverse events and serious adverse events, respectively, were related to lipegfilgrastim.ConclusionsApplication of lipegfilgrastim was effective as primary and secondary prophylaxis in the prevention of CT-induced neutropenia in breast cancer.     

The utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) and the facilitator role for introducing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a medical oncology outpatient department

Quality of Life Research - We evaluated the utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) for...     

Nocardia ignorata, a new agent of human nocardiosis isolated from respiratory specimens in Europe and soil samples from Kuwait

Nocardia ignorata is a recently described species identified on the basis of a single isolate of unknown origin. Here we describe the epidemiological, phenotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics of this new species, based on five new clinical and soil isolates.