Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters in Vegetables from Nine Farms of the Pearl River Delta, South China

This study investigated the occurrence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in 11 vegetable species collected from nine farms of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Twelve PAH compounds and all PAE compounds were detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in vegetables. The total concentrations of PAHs (Σ_PAHs) and PAEs (Σ_PAEs) ranged from 7.0 to 5353 μg kg⁻¹ dry weight (d.w.), with a mean value of 1173 μg kg⁻¹ d.w., and from 0.073 to 11.2 mg kg⁻¹ d.w., with a mean value of 3.2 mg kg⁻¹ (d.w.), respectively. The highest levels of Σ_PAHs and Σ_PAEs were found in Brassica juncea and Brassica parachinensis, respectively. For the same vegetable, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs; the ratio of contaminant concentration in plant tissue to the soil concentration) of PAHs (between 0.0037 and 5.5) are generally higher than those of PAEs (between <0.0001 and 0.61). It was also noted that there were great variations of organic contaminant levels, BCFs, and benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations, which depend on the various contaminants, sampling locations, and vegetable species. The occurrences of PAHs and PAEs in this study are compared with those in other studies and their sources are discussed. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

华东某省实现“十二五”人群增寿目标的可行性分析与工作策略

目的 :分析华东某省实现"十二五"期间"期望寿命增加1岁"的可行性,并提出相应的工作策略。方法 :收集华东某省2011—2015年人口预测资料、1950—2010年分年龄组的人口、发病和死亡数据资料,利用简略寿命表法、时间序列分析等思路和方法,分析2010—2015年间期望寿命的变化幅度,明确规划目标的实现程度;通过改变防控工作力度,预测实现规划目标的可行途径。结果 :自然趋势下,华东某省2010—2015年期望寿命将增加0.86岁,距规划目标还有0.14岁的差距;通过疾病预防控制工作整体加强0.3%、心脏病防控加强8%、脑血管病防控加强6%、肿瘤防控加强6%、意外伤害防控加强4%等途径可弥补0.14岁的差距,实现规划目标。结论 :加强慢性病和意外伤害防控是未来期望寿命再提升的主要源泉和途径。     

Comparison of Three Screening Methods for Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

ObjectiveThe 2019 Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (AWGS 2019) recommends using either calf circumference or the strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) or SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF) questionnaires for sarcopenia screening. The aim of this study was to compare the ability and applicability of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF for screening sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 1050 community-dwelling older people were enrolled.MethodsSarcopenia was diagnosed according to the AWGS 2019 criteria: bioimpedance analysis for appendicular skeletal muscle index, hand grip, and 6-m gait speed test. Participants also completed the SARC-F questionnaire and calf circumference measurement. The screening tools’ performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the ROC curves (AUC), and sensitivity/specificity analyses.ResultsSarcopenia was identified in 263 (25.0%) participants by the AWGS 2019 criteria. Calf circumference had a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 77.0%. Sensitivity and specificity of SARC-F for screening sarcopenia were 17.9% and 93.7%, respectively. SARC-CalF improved the sensitivity of SARC-F (47.5%) while keeping similar specificity (92.0%). The AUCs of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF were 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77–0.82], 0.56 (95% CI, 0.52–0.59), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67–0.73), respectively. The differences across ROC curves were statistically significant among 3 screening tools (P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsThe overall screening ability of calf circumference was better than that of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older persons despite gender, age, and cognitive function. SARC-F and SARC-CalF have high specificity but are susceptible to the preceding factors.     

The dependence of the degree of visual fatigue on the shift duration in work with video terminals and an assessment of the efficacy of preventive measures]

Dynamic studies of visual capacity for work in individuals working with displays revealed decreased accommodation volume after the long concentration on the display. The total time of work with the display of more than 2h a day involved a decrease of the accommodation volume by 0.42-0.49 diopters and transitory myopia of 0.15-0.21 diopters, as well as increased self-appraisal of fatigue. The system of prophylactic measures including rest breaks, special exercises, massage was worked out and put into practice. Repeated study has proved the effectiveness of suggested measures.     

Estimation of the basic reproducibility number for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in two sites in northeastern Salta Province, Argentina

A SIR-type deterministic mathematical model for three hosts is applied to analyze the transmission process for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Río Blanco and Las Carmelitas, located in northeastern Salta Province, Argentina, and to derive the expression for the baseline reproducibility number Ro. The model is implemented in the MATLAB environment, and based on data from endemic areas, simulations are performed and numerical estimations of Ro are obtained. Río Blanco shows Ro = 4.689 and Las Carmelitas Ro = 1.948. By studying the model numerically, we also estimate the force of infection, namely 0.239 and 0.171 (unit 1/year), respectively. The simulations show that in Río Blanco, the endemic phase was more sustained than the inter-epidemic phase in Las Carmelitas. The estimations of these epidemiological parameters indicate where the Ministry of Health and Provincial Health Department will experience greater difficulty in controlling and eradicating the disease.     

移动ICU远距离院际转运危重症患儿的应用价值

目的 探讨移动ICU远距离院际转运在危重症患儿救治中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月我院重症医学科移动ICU模式远距离院际转运收治的467例危重症患儿的临床资料.结果 467例危重症患儿转运自南宁周边县市共27家医疗单位,其中男295例,女172例;年龄29d~11岁(中位数10个月);体重2.5~40.0kg(中位数8.3kg);转运距离68~436km(中位数157km);转运时间1.5~13.0h(中位数5.3h);小儿危重病例评分平均为(83±10)分;转运前急救107例(22.9%,107/467),其中气管插管63例(58.9%),抗休克治疗26例(24.3%);转运途中所有467例患儿均给予持续心电、血压、血氧饱和度监测及静脉补液维持内环境稳定等对症支持治疗,其中镇静/镇痛341例(73.0%),机械通气185例(39.6%),大剂量血管活性药物维持15例(3.2%);467例患儿均成功到达我院,通过绿色通道收住重症医学科,监测生命体征与转运前比较明显好转[心率:(143±19)次/min比(165±24)次/min;平均动脉压:(76±5)mmHg比(71±4)mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa;经皮氧饱和度:(95±2)%比(92±2)%;pH:7.37±0.04比7.34±0.03;乳酸:(2.5±0.2)mmol/L比(2.8±0.3)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).结论 移动ICU模式远距离院际转运有利于积极有效救治危重症患儿,提高转运过程的安全系数,值得推广.     

健康教育路径在妊娠糖尿病患者护理中的效果观察

目的 分析健康教育路径在妊娠糖尿病患者护理中的应用效果.方法 选择2015年9月至2016年6月于本院就诊的妊娠糖尿病患者50例,常规组采取一般健康教育,实验组依据健康教育路径进行临床护理.结果 实验组妊娠结局(剖宫产、羊水过多、妊娠高血压综合征、胎膜早破、胎儿窘迫发生率分别为44.00％、4.00％、0.00％、4.00％、4.00％)明显优于常规组(72.00％、24.00％、20.00％、24.00％、28.00％),均P＜0.05;实验组健康知识(96.00％)、相关技能掌握情况(92.00％)与遵医行为(96.00％)均明显优于常规组(76.00％、68.00％、72.00％),均P＜0.05;实验组护理后糖尿病自我效能量表评分(包括饮食、锻炼、自我监测、医疗、效能总分)明显优于常规组,均P＜ 0.05;实验组生活质量评分(包括生理、心理、社会关系、环境)明显优于常规组,均P＜ 0.05;实验组护理后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbAlc均明显优于常规组,均P＜ 0.05.结论 对妊娠糖尿病患者依据健康教育路径进行临床护理效果显著,可明显提高患者遵医行为、生活质量,改善妊娠结局,值得实践推广.     

Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Pre-operative Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in differentiating between benign and metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Three hundred nineteen cervical lymph nodes (162 metastatic from PTC and 157 benign) were evaluated using conventional ultrasonography (US) and CEUS before biopsy or surgery. Metastatic lymph nodes more often manifested centripetal or asynchronous perfusion, hyper-enhancement, heterogeneous enhancement, perfusion defects and ring-enhancing margins than benign lymph nodes at pre-operative CEUS (all p values < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the combination of conventional US and CEUS (0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.971–0.994) was higher than that of conventional US alone (0.929, 95% CI: 0.899–0.958) and CEUS (0.911, 95% CI: 0.876–0.947). In conclusion, CEUS is a promising tool in conjunction with conventional US for the pre-operative prediction of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with PTC.