水飞蓟素在去血清条件下诱导G0/G1期人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡

背景宫颈癌是危害女性身体健康,降低生活质量的疾病之一.利用中药治疗宫颈癌,降低放射治疗、应用抗肿瘤药物治疗副作用对机体伤害已成为医药界的研究热点.在欧洲,水飞蓟素曾广泛用于临床的肝炎治疗.它毒性小,在植物中含量高.因此,一些学者正在研究其抗肿瘤的活性.目的探讨水飞蓟素对人子宫颈癌细胞的药理作用机制.设计以体外10%血清正常培养的细胞作为阴性对照的实验对照研究.单位沈阳药科大学中日医药研究所,昭和药科大学病态科学教研室.材料人的宫颈癌HeLa细胞为本实验室保存的美国ATCC细胞系.实验于2003-02/07在沈阳药科大学中日医药研究所细胞室完成.方法噻唑蓝还原法(MTT)分析HeLa细胞的死亡率.采用相差和荧光显微镜观察细胞形态学改变.用流式细胞术分析了细胞周期的变化.主要观察指标细胞死亡率和细胞周期分化的变化.结果水飞蓟素诱导的HeLa细胞死亡与培养液中血清含量有关.给予80 μmol/L的水飞蓟素作用,去血清组的细胞死亡率达到85.27%,含5%,10%血清组的死亡率为35.53%,7.71%.细胞的形态学变化表明水飞蓟素诱导的HeLa细胞发生凋亡.流式细胞分析结果显示水飞蓟素诱导70.04%的细胞发生凋亡,这些凋亡细胞主要来自G0/G1期.结论水飞蓟素在去血清条件下,诱导处于G0/G1期的HeLa细胞发生凋亡.     

Two nosocomial outbreaks of sepsis caused by Serratia marcescens, which occurred in July 1999 and January 2002--Tokyo

Two nosocomial outbreaks of sepsis caused by Serratia marcescens, which occurred in Tokyo were the following cases. CASE A: In July 1999, 10 inpatients admitted to the third floor ward of the General Hospital A, developed sudden onset of high fever, coagulation disorders (disseminated intravascular coagulation), and acute renal failure, of which 5 died. Twenty-one strains of Serratia marcescens were isolated from the inpatient's blood and urine, nurse fingers and environmental samples from floor and cooling tower. Serratia infection was strongly suspected as the cause of sepsis. These cases were defined as "inpatients who developed fever 38 degrees C or more during July 26 to 29 and from whom S. marcescens was isolated by blood culture". Ten isolates were detected from the blood. In order to investigate the background of S. marcescens isolation in the hospital and to compare molecular and biochemical characteristics of S. marcescens, cultures were attempted from samples of other inpatients and staffs and hospital environment. Those were classified into 9 groups by various different typings: biotyping with Api Rapid 20; susceptibility typing of antimicrobial agents tested; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of SpeI- or Xba I-restricted chromosome. All 10 isolates causing sepsis were found to be in the same group. CASE B: In January 2002, 24 inpatients, admitted to Neurosurgical Hospital B, developed sudden onset of high fever, of which 7 died. S. marcescens was isolated from a towel, environmental samples and inpatients. These cases were defined as "inpatients who developed fever of 38.5 degrees C and S. marcescens isolated by blood culture". Twelve strains were isolated from the blood samples in 12 cases. In order to investigate the background of S. marcescens isolation in the hospital, cultures were attempted from other inpatient's urine and environmental samples from medical tape, Tshake and a towel. These isolates were classified into 3 groups by the previous typings; biotyping with Api Rapid 20; susceptibility typing of antimicrobial agents tested; and PFGE typing. All 12 isolates in 12 cases were found to be in the same group. These cases of 2 nosocomial outbreaks of sepsis were defined as "in-patient who developed high fever and S. marcescens isolated by blood culture". However in both cases transmission routes of Serratia infection remain unknown by field investigation.     

Readmissions after continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation

Continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) therapy has improved the survival of patients with advanced heart failure. However, the readmission rate of CF-LVAD patients is still relatively high. A total of 90 patients who received CF-LVADs between April 2011 and March 2016 at our institute and were discharged home were analyzed retrospectively. They were followed up through March 2017. Clinical data, including frequency, length and etiology of readmission, were obtained from medical records. The mean observation period after initial discharge was 713 ± 322 days. In total, 73 patients (81%) had 236 readmissions, 214 unplanned and 22 planned. The overall and unplanned readmission rates were 1.34 and 1.22 per patient-year, respectively. The rate of freedom from unplanned first readmission at 1 year after initial discharge was 39%. The median interval between the previous hospital discharge and first and second readmissions was 311 and 213 days, respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.117). The rate of readmission after more than three readmissions was significantly higher than that of first or second readmission (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The most common etiology of readmission was driveline infection (DLI) (36%), followed by stroke (9%). The median length of hospital stay due to DLI was 23 days. The patients with repeated unplanned readmissions had significantly lower EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire utility score than those with no or just one readmission. Readmission was common in CF-LVAD patients, and the most common etiology of readmissions was DLI. The interval to the next readmission seemed shorter for patients with repeated readmissions.     

The effects of the early administration of sivelestat sodium, a selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on the postoperative course after radical surgery for esophageal cancer

Purpose

The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative administration of sivelestat sodium hydrate, a selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on the clinical course after radical surgery for esophageal cancer.

Methods

The effects of sivelestat on postoperative systemic inflammatory reactions and respiratory function were examined in 53 patients who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer between April 2004 and March 2005 with (n?=?26, sivelestat group) and without (n?=?27, control group) the administration of sivelestat.

Results

The average age in the sivelestat group was higher than that in the control group, but there were no other differences in the background factors between the two groups. The postoperative oxygenation (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio) did not differ between the groups, but the decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO₂) was significantly inhibited in the sivelestat group compared with the control group (p?p?Conclusion The early administration of sivelestat to patients receiving radical surgery for esophageal cancer can inhibit postoperative systemic inflammatory reactions and it might also have a beneficial effect on the prognosis.     

Reduction of gap junction protein connexin 32 in rat atrophic gastric mucosa as an early event in carcinogenesis

This study was conducted to examine the possible relationship among connexin 32 (Cx32) expression, cell proliferation and differentiation in the normal stomach, N-methyl-N′-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced atrophic gastritis, and carcinoma in rats. Atrophic gastritis and adenocarcinoma were induced by the administration of MNNG for 8 and 30 weeks, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by staining with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The proliferative zone (BrdU-positive zone), located in the lower third of the gastric gland in controls, was elongated in atrophic gastritis. In adenocarcinoma, BrdU-positive cells were distributed diffusely. Cx32 expression was investigated by an indirect immunofluorecence method. In both control and atrophic gastritis specimens, Cx32 fluorescence was abundant in the surface epithelium, but was rarely detected in the glandular portion or the proliferative zone. The length of the Cx32-positive mucosa was significantly less than the control value in atrophic gastritis and no such positive mucosa was visible in adenocarcinoma. The results of this study indicate that the loss of cell-cell communication through the gap junction, associated with elongation of the proliferative cell zone, may be manifested much earlier than carcinoma. We regard this model as useful for investigating the development of atrophic gastritis into gastric carcinoma.     

Ammonia, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Monochloramine Retard Gastric Epithelial Restoration in Rabbit Cultured Cell Model

Ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) and monochloramine(NH₂Cl) produced by Helicobacter pyloriinfection might be responsible for mucosal injury. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the role ofNH₃, H₂O₂, andNH₂Cl in the restoration of rabbit primarycultured gastric mucosal cells with a wound repairmodel. Artificial wounds were made in confluentmonolayer gastric epithelial cell sheets by mechanicaldenudation, and changes in the size of the cell-freearea were analyzed quantitatively. Cell proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine staining. Incontrols, the wound healed within 48 hr. However,mucosal cell repair was inhibited by treatment withNH₃, H₂O₂, andNH₂Cl in a dose-dependent manner. These resultsindicate that NH₃,H₂O₂, and NH₂Clretarded the wound healing, which included epithelialcell migration and proliferation of gastric mucosa. Therefore, it is suggestedthat NH₃, H₂O₂, andNH₂Cl delays the healing process of pepticulcers.     

Botulism: a laboratory investigation on biological and food samples from cases and outbreaks in Brazil (1982-2001)

Laboratory investigation of botulism from 1982 to 2001 confirmed the occurrence of eight positive outbreaks/cases of botulism in Brazil. From those, type A botulism was observed in seven of them. Biological material of one case (serum and feces) was positive in the first step of the bioassay, but the amount of sample was not sufficient for typification. One of the outbreaks that occurred in 2001 was negative for botulinum toxin in samples of serum, gastric washing and feces, collected eight days before the onset of the symptoms in the affected person who was clinically diagnosed as presenting the disease. Other two cases presenting compatible clinical diagnoses presented negative results. However, in those cases, the collection of samples was (1) after antiserum administration or (2) later than eight days of the onset of symptoms. Investigation was performed by mouse bioassay, as described in the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods (compiled by American Public Health Association--APHA)11, using specific antiserum from Centers for Disease Control (CDC), USA.     

Human mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis

We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid (SF) increased in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis. SF was obtained from the knee joints of 22 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during ACL reconstruction, and cartilage degeneration was evaluated arthroscopically. SF was also obtained from the knee joints of 6 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with mild osteoarthritis, and 26 patients with severe osteoarthritis, in which the grading was evaluated radiographically. The cell component in the SF was cultured for analyses. Synovium (SYN) and bone marrow (BM) were also harvested during total knee arthroplasties. The MSC number in SF was correlated with the cartilage degeneration score evaluated by arthroscopy. The MSC number in the SF was hardly noticed in normal volunteers, but it increased in accordance with the grading of osteoarthritis. Though no significant differences were observed regarding surface epitopes, or differentiation potentials, the morphology and gene profiles in SF MSCs were more similar to those in SYN MSCs than in BM MSCs. We listed 20 genes which were expressed higher in both SYN MSCs and SF MSCs than in BM MSCs, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. MSCs in SF increased along with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis.     

A Case with Partial Long-Arm Deletion of Chromosome11

A boy with terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11 q-) is described. This case is the sixteenth reported case of the 11 q- syndrome in the world and the second reported case in Japan. The 11 q- syndrome is characterized by mental retardation and various dysmorphic signs such as scaphocephaly, ptosis of the upper lids, broad nasal root, and carp mouth¹)?¹²).