全文获取类型
收费全文 | 289篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 8篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 68篇 |
口腔科学 | 5篇 |
临床医学 | 28篇 |
内科学 | 48篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 26篇 |
特种医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 35篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 21篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 17篇 |
肿瘤学 | 22篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
81.
Robinson PN Neumann LM Demuth S Enders H Jung U König R Mitulla B Müller D Muschke P Pfeiffer L Prager B Somer M Tinschert S 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2005,135(3):251-262
The Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is a disorder of unknown cause comprising craniosynostosis, a marfanoid habitus and skeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and connective-tissue anomalies. There are no pathognomonic signs of SGS and diagnosis depends on recognition of a characteristic combination of anomalies. Here, we describe 14 persons with SGS and compare their clinical findings with those of 23 previously reported individuals, including two families with more than one affected individual. Our analysis suggests that there is a characteristic facial appearance, with more than two thirds of all individuals having hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, a high-arched palate, micrognathia, and apparently low-set and posteriorly rotated ears. Other commonly reported manifestations include hypotonia in at least the neonatal period, developmental delay, and inguinal or umbilical hernia. The degree of reported intellectual impairment ranges from mild to severe. The most common skeletal manifestations in SGS were arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, camptodactyly, scoliosis, and joint hypermobility. None of the skeletal signs alone is specific for SGS. Our study includes 14 mainly German individuals with SGS evaluated over a period of 10 years. Given that only 23 other persons with SGS have been reported to date worldwide, we suggest that SGS may be more common than previously assumed. 相似文献
82.
Voigt CC Fassbender M Dehnhard M Wibbelt G Jewgenow K Hofer H Schaub GA 《General and comparative endocrinology》2004,135(1):100-107
Previous studies in small mammals showed that blood-sucking bugs (Reduviidae, Heteroptera) can be used to obtain blood from veins difficult to access by human experimenters. In the present study, we validated the use of reduviid bugs for endocrinological studies in endotherms using domestic rabbits as a model organism. Two processes could alter the hormone concentrations in the blood ingested by the bug: (1) Mixing of ingested blood with saliva, gut fluid, or hemolymph and (2) digestive processes. We compared concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone in blood samples that were acquired from domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by bugs (Dipetalogaster maxima) with hormone concentrations in blood obtained from the same individual rabbits with a conventional method, i.e., syringe. We found no significant differences in hormone concentrations between the two methods. Thus, the mixing effect is negligible immediately after the blood meal. In addition, we also could not find significant changes in concentrations of progesterone and hydrocortisone for up to 8h after the blood meal. Whereas levels of hydrocortisone remained unchanged for even 24h, progesterone levels significantly increased between eight and 24h. Thus, the bugs' excretory apparatus did not fractionate between water and hormones. Thirdly, we hypothesized that reduviid bugs impose less stress on the rabbits than the conventional method. We showed that deviations in hydrocortisone concentrations between the two blood sampling routines were lower when the bug method was used first and higher when the conventional method was used first. Thus, bugs imposed less stress on the study animals than the conventional method. Overall, we conclude that reduviid bugs present a minimally invasive method for obtaining blood from endotherm animals for endocrinological studies. 相似文献
83.
Löppönen T Väisänen ML Luotonen M Allinen M Uusimaa J Lindholm P Mäki-Torkko E Väyrynen M Löppönen H Leisti J 《The Laryngoscope》2003,113(10):1758-1763
OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of the gap junction protein beta-2 gene (GJB2), encoding connexin 26 (Cx26), in children with moderate to profound prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (HI) and to investigate the carrier frequencies of the GJB2 gene mutations in a control population in Northern Finland. METHODS: Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing and carrier detection by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis further confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: Cx26 mutations were found in 15 of 71 (21.1%) (67 families) children with HI. Homozygosity for the mutation 35delG was shown to be the cause of HI in 13 of 15 (86.7%) children. Homozygosity for the M34T genotype was found in one child, and compound heterozygosity for the M34T/V37I genotype was found in another. Five families of those with suspected familial HI (29.4%) and six families out of those with sporadic HI (12.0%) had a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation. The carrier frequency for the mutation 35delG was 1 of 78 (4 of 313) and that for the M34T was 1 of 26 (12 of 313). CONCLUSION: 35delG/35delG genotype was found to be a significant cause of moderate to profound prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural HI in Northern Finland. M34T/M34T genotype was seen in only one child, but the carrier frequency of the M34T allele was about three times higher than that of the 35delG mutation. 相似文献
84.
85.
Puesken M Fischbach R Wenker M Seifarth H Maintz D Heindel W Juergens KU 《European radiology》2008,18(10):2087-2094
The purpose was to compare global left-ventricular (LV) function parameters measured with cine MRI with results from multiphase dual-source CT (DSCT) using 10 and 20 reconstruction phases. Twenty-eight patients with suspected or known CAD underwent DSCT coronary angiography. LV end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) and stroke volumes (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined using LV segmentation and selection of specific phases from DSCT image sets reconstructed either at 5% or 10% steps through the R-R interval. Cine MRI served as the reference investigation. Threshold-based 3D-segmentation was feasible in all DSCT data sets. EDV and ESV were underestimated by DSCT, but showed excellent correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.95/0.97) to values obtained with MRI. Using data from 5% DSCT image reconstructions instead of 10% phase reconstructions, the position of the ED and ES phase was changed in 16 of 28 patients; ESVs were to found to be slightly smaller, whereas EDV were slightly larger, resulting in a systematic overestimation of LV EF by 1.9% (p = 0.56). Threshold-based 3D segmentation enables accurate and reliable DSCT determination of global LV function with excellent correlation to cine MRI. Minor differences in LV EF indicate that both modalities are virtually interchangeable, even if the number of reconstructed phases is limited to 10% phase reconstructions. 相似文献
86.
Mirja A. Salo Heikki V. Huikuri Tapio Seppanen 《Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology》2001,6(1):5-17
Background: Various methods can be used to edit biological and technical artefacts in heart rate variability (HRV), but there is relatively little information on the effects of such editing methods on HRV. Methods: The effects of editing on HRV analysis were studied using R‐R interval data of 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with a previous myocardial infarction (Ml). R‐R interval tachograms of verified sinus beats were analyzed from short‐term (~5 min) and long‐term (—24 hours) recordings by eliminating different amounts of real R‐R intervals. Three editing methods were applied to these segments: (1) interpolation of degree zero, (2) interpolation of degree one, and (3) deletion without replacement. Results: In time domain analysis of short‐term data, the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals (SDANN) was least affected by editing, and 30%‐50% of the data could be edited by all the three methods without a significant error (< 5%). In the frequency domain analysis, the method of editing resulted in remarkably different changes and errors for both the high‐frequency (HF) and the low‐frequency (LF) spectral components. The editing methods also yielded in different results in healthy subjects and AMI patients. In 24‐hour HRV analysis, up to 50% could be edited by all methods without an error larger than 5% in the analysis of the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN). Both interpolation methods also performed well in the editing of the long‐term power spectral components for 24‐hour data, but with the deletion method, only 5% of the data could be edited without a significant error. Conclusions: The amount and type of editing R‐R interval data have remarkably different effects on various HRV indices. There is no universal method for editing ectopic beats that could be used in both the time‐domain and the frequency‐domain analysis of HRV. A.N.E. 2001;6(1):5–17 相似文献
87.
Mirja Elisabeth Kløjgaard Claus Manniche Line Bjørnskov Pedersen Mickael Bech Rikke Søgaard 《Value in health》2014,17(4):390-396
BackgroundBack pain imposes a substantial economic and social burden, and treatment decisions are distorted by conflicting evidence. Thus, it is important to include patient preferences in decision making and policy making.ObjectiveTo contribute to the understanding of patient preferences in relation to the choice of treatment for low back pain.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted with consecutive patients referred to a regional spine center. The respondents (n = 348) were invited to respond to a choice of two hypothetical treatment options and an opt-out option. The treatment attributes included the treatment modality, the risk of relapse, the reduction in pain, and the expected increase in the ability to perform activities of daily living. In addition, the wait time to achieve the treatment effect was used as a payment vehicle. Mixed logit models were created to perform analysis. Subgroup analysis, dividing respondents into sociodemographic and disease-related categories, further explored the willingness to wait.ResultsRespondents assigned positive utilities to positive treatment outcomes and disutility to higher risks and longer waits for effects of treatment and to surgical interventions. The model captured significant heterogeneity within the sample for the outcomes of pain reduction and the ability to pursue activities of daily living and for the treatment modality. The subgroup analysis revealed differences in the willingness to wait, especially with regard to treatment modality, the level of pain experienced at the time of data collection, and the respondents’ preferences for surgery.ConclusionsThe majority of the respondents prefer nonsurgical interventions, but patients are willing to wait for more ideal outcomes and preferred interventions. The results show that health care professionals have a very important task in communicating clearly about the expected results of treatment and the basis of their treatment decisions, as patients' preferences are highly individual. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.