全文获取类型
收费全文 | 289篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 8篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 68篇 |
口腔科学 | 5篇 |
临床医学 | 28篇 |
内科学 | 48篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 26篇 |
特种医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 35篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 21篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 17篇 |
肿瘤学 | 22篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Mirja Neizel Henning Steen Grigorios Korosoglou Dirk Lossnitzer Stephanie Lehrke Boris T. Ivandic Hugo A. Katus Evangelos Giannitsis 《Clinical research in cardiology》2009,98(5):297-304
Background Troponin elevation in patients with stable coronary heart disease is associated with adverse outcome and prognosis. However,
the mechanism is not yet clearly understood. Our objectives were to examine the prevalence and range of cardiac troponin T
(cTnT) in stable patients, 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using a new high sensitive cTnT assay and to investigate
the association of minor cTnT elevation in these patients to clinical variables, NT-proBNP and cardiac MRI-findings.
Study design and methods cTnT was measured in 98 patients 6 months after AMI with a precommercial assay by electrochemiluminescence methods (Roche
Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). cTnT values were correlated with clinical and angiographic variables, NT-proBNP concentrations
and with cardiac MRI-findings.
Results Minor cTnT concentrations were detectable in 90% of the entire cohort, of whom 16% had cTnT values above the 99th percentile
(>12 ng/L). These patients were also significantly older, suffered more frequently from hypertension, had a higher New York
Heart Association class and received more often diuretics at follow up. Patients with cTnT elevation had a more impaired left
ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.02) but did not have an increased infarct size (P = 0.73).
Conclusions Elevated minor cTnT levels are frequently detectable in patients 6 months after AMI. Increased cTnT level were associated
with clinical parameter for heart failure, impaired ejection fraction and higher NT-proBNP levels suggesting that myocardial
dysfunction is a main cause for cTnT elevation in these patient group. 相似文献
52.
Marita Laurila Teuvo L.J. Tammela Anssi Auvinen Jorma Isola Tapio Visakorpi Tiina Luukkaala Liisa Määttänen Mirja Ruutu Martti Ala‐Opas Markus Mildh Paula Martikainen 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2009,124(3):547-552
Prostate cancer aggressiveness was evaluated based on pathologic characterization of cases detected in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. The trial population consists of 80,458 men aged 55–67 years. A total of 32,000 men were randomized to the screening arm. The remaining 48,000 men formed the control arm. The interval cases and cancers among nonparticipants and in the control arm were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Random samples were selected from screen‐detected cases (126 of 543 in the first and 133 of 508 in the second round) and control arm cancers (133 out of 863), in addition to all 92 interval cancers and 106 cases among nonparticipants. All the biopsies were regraded according to the Gleason system. The expression of the proliferation antigen Ki‐67 was determined in 479 cases (72%). More than half of the tumors diagnosed in the first round of screening were high‐grade cancers (Gleason 7 or higher). In the second round, the proportion of low‐grade cancers increased from 47% to 70%. Cancers in the screening arm were more commonly focal and fewer bilateral cancers were detected. The cancers among nonparticipants were the most aggressive group. The aggressiveness of the interval cancers was between the cancers detected in the first and the second round. Our results indicate that prostate cancers detected through screening are less biologically aggressive. This was most notable after the first screening round. Nonparticipants had more aggressive cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
53.
Mirja Sargent Stefan Boeck Volker Heinemann Karl-Walter Jauch Thomas Seufferlein Christiane J. Bruns 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2011,396(2):223-229
Background
To date, only limited data are available regarding the routine surgical management of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer (PC) in German community and university hospitals. 相似文献54.
Jorma Järvisalo Maritta Olkinuoral Mirja Kiilunen Helena Kivistö Pentti Ristola Antti Tossavainen Antero Aitio 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1992,63(7):495-501
Summary To obtain reference values for blood and serum manganese levels, blood specimens were collected from 29 men and 36 women. Mn in blood showed a normal distribution; its upper 97.5% limit in blood was 0.38 mol/l. Mn in serum showed a skewed distribution, which did not differ from the normal one after logarithmic transformation. The respective reference limit was 19 nmol/l. In both specimens, the levels of Mn were significantly lower in men than in women. To obtain reference values for Mn in urine, midday urine specimens were collected from 58 men and 96 women. Mn in urine also showed a skewed distribution, and the upper 97.5% limit was 38 nmol/l. The levels of Mn in blood and urine were statistically significantly higher in manual metal arc (MMA) welders of mild steel (MS) than in the reference populations. Five MMA/MS welders were subjected to a further study in which the ambient intramask Mn levels and urinary Mn excretion were monitored throughout a full working week. For two welders the correlation of Mn in urine specimens voided in the afternoon was good with the before noon Mn concentrations in the hygienic measurements; for the rest the correlation was minimal. Mn in diurnal urine specimens collected in six portions showed fluctuation if specific gravity or creatinine in urine was used to standardize for the urinary flow, but it was less evident for urinary Mn excretion rate. Our results seem to indicate that the measurement of Mn in urine or blood may be used for monitoring Mn exposure in MMA/MS welders only at the group level.These results were presented in part at the 2nd COMTOX meeting, held in Montreal in 1983 相似文献
55.
Andreas Straube Philipp Stude Charly Gaul Katrin Schuh Mirja Koch 《The journal of headache and pain》2021,22(1)
BackgroundErenumab, the first-in-class fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, was shown to be efficacious and safe for the prophylactic treatment of migraine in adults in randomized clinical trials. Large-scale, real-world evidence in multi-centre settings is still needed to confirm these results. Erenumab patient profiles outside clinical trials and physicians’ treatment patterns, as well as data from patients treated in Germany, a severely impacted population, are not published yet.MethodsTELESCOPE was a multi-centre survey gathering real-world data from 45 German headache centres between July 2019 and December 2019. The project consisted of two parts. In the first part, treating physicians shared their experiences on current erenumab treatment with regard to patient profiles, treatment patterns and treatment responses. In the second part, a retrospective chart review was conducted of 542 migraine patients treated with erenumab for at least three months. Treatment responses focused on various aspects of patients’ quality of life.ResultsThe analysis of 542 patients’ charts revealed that three-month treatment with erenumab significantly reduced monthly headaches, migraine and acute medication days. Furthermore, headache intensity and frequency were reduced in over 75 % and accompanying aura in 35 % of patients. The clinical global impression scale revealed a general improvement in 91 % of patients. According to the treating physicians’ professional judgement, 83 % of patients responded to erenumab and 80 % were satisfied with the treatment. Physicians evaluated restricted quality of life, the number of monthly migraine days and previous, prophylactic treatments as the main components of the current patient profile for monoclonal antibody recipients. Based on the assessment of physicians, erenumab reduced migraine symptoms in 65 % and increased quality of life in more than 75 % of their patients.ConclusionsTELESCOPE confirms positive treatment responses with erenumab shown in clinical trials in a real-world multi-centre setting. The results show consistently positive experiences of physicians utilizing erenumab in clinical practice and underline that therapy with this monoclonal antibody is effective in migraine patients, particular in those, who have failed several prophylactic therapies. 相似文献
56.
57.
Mirja Elisabeth Kløjgaard Claus Manniche Line Bjørnskov Pedersen Mickael Bech Rikke Søgaard 《Value in health》2014,17(4):390-396
BackgroundBack pain imposes a substantial economic and social burden, and treatment decisions are distorted by conflicting evidence. Thus, it is important to include patient preferences in decision making and policy making.ObjectiveTo contribute to the understanding of patient preferences in relation to the choice of treatment for low back pain.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted with consecutive patients referred to a regional spine center. The respondents (n = 348) were invited to respond to a choice of two hypothetical treatment options and an opt-out option. The treatment attributes included the treatment modality, the risk of relapse, the reduction in pain, and the expected increase in the ability to perform activities of daily living. In addition, the wait time to achieve the treatment effect was used as a payment vehicle. Mixed logit models were created to perform analysis. Subgroup analysis, dividing respondents into sociodemographic and disease-related categories, further explored the willingness to wait.ResultsRespondents assigned positive utilities to positive treatment outcomes and disutility to higher risks and longer waits for effects of treatment and to surgical interventions. The model captured significant heterogeneity within the sample for the outcomes of pain reduction and the ability to pursue activities of daily living and for the treatment modality. The subgroup analysis revealed differences in the willingness to wait, especially with regard to treatment modality, the level of pain experienced at the time of data collection, and the respondents’ preferences for surgery.ConclusionsThe majority of the respondents prefer nonsurgical interventions, but patients are willing to wait for more ideal outcomes and preferred interventions. The results show that health care professionals have a very important task in communicating clearly about the expected results of treatment and the basis of their treatment decisions, as patients' preferences are highly individual. 相似文献
58.
Beeson JG Elliott SR Hommel M 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2008,197(9):1350-1; author reply 1351-2
59.
Cell-to-cell contact of human monocytes with infected arterial smooth-muscle cells enhances growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Puolakkainen M Campbell LA Lin TM Richards T Patton DL Kuo CC 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2003,187(3):435-440
Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect arterial cells. It has been shown that coculture of human monocytes (U937) and endothelial cells promotes infection of C. pneumoniae in endothelial cells and that the enhancement was mediated by a soluble factor (insulin-like growth factor 2) secreted by monocytes. In this study, it is shown that coculture of monocytes with C. pneumoniae enhances infection of C. pneumoniae in arterial smooth-muscle cells 5.3-fold at a monocyte-to-smooth-muscle cell ratio of 5. However, unlike endothelial cells, no enhancement was observed if monocytes were placed in cell culture inserts or if conditioned medium from monocyte cultures was used, which suggests that cell-to-cell contact is critical. The addition of mannose 6-phosphate or octyl glucoside, a nonionic detergent containing a sugar group, to cocultures inhibited the enhancement. These findings suggest that the monocyte-smooth-muscle cell interaction may be mediated by mannose 6-phosphate receptors present on monocytes. 相似文献
60.
Katharine D Barnard Michael Bromba Mirja de Lange Marine Halbron Brian L. Levy Marc Lévy Bernhard Lippmann-Grob Kieran Walshe Ralph Ziegler 《Journal of diabetes science and technology》2015,9(2):231-236