Die Wirkung von Lärm und ototoxischen Substanzen auf vorgeschädigte Ohren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Proinflammatory effects of Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin B on nasal epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin B (SE-B) on proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine releases in primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (NECC) of subjects with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: NECC (CRS: n = 14; Controls: n = 11) were stimulated with SE-B. Protein concentrations of interleukin-(IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured in NECC supernatants by ELISA before (T0) and after 24 hr stimulation with SE-B (T1). RESULTS: T0: supernatants of the NECC of CRS patients contained significant lower levels of IL-8 (2.1 ng/ml) compared to Controls (IL-8: 6.2 ng/ml; P < 0.01). T1: SE-B induced a significant increase of IL-6 in NECC (P < 0.001). IL-1beta was not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study evaluating the effects of exotoxins on NECC. SE-B showed proinflammatory effects on NECC. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that resident NECC are involved in immunological responses to Staphylococcus aureus toxins, supplementing the so-called "superantigen hypothesis" in CRS.     

Gentamycin im Verteilungsgleichgewicht zwischen Serum,Perilymphe und Liquor beim Meerschweinchen nach Dosierung im therapeutischen Bereich

Zusammenfassung Gentamycindosierungen im therapeutischen Bereich führen ebenso wie höhere Dosierungen bei gleichbleibend hohen Serumspiegeln zu einem Verteilungsgleichgewicht zwischen Serum, Perilymphe und Liquor. Nach hohen Dosierungen resultieren Perilymphspiegel, die im Verhältnis zum Serumspiegel relativ niedriger bleiben als die Perilymphspiegel nach geringerer Dosierung. Das Verteilungsgleichgewicht wird bei einer Dosierung, die zu Serumkonzentrationen im vermuteten ototoxischen Grenzbereich führt, nach ca. 7 Std erreicht. Danach steigt die Innenohrkonzentration nicht weiter an.Die Serumkonzentration im steady state ist immer größer als die Perilymphkonzentration, diese immer größer als die Liquorkonzentration.Dipl.-Mathematiker     

Mittelohrergüsse als Regelbefund bei Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ototoxikosen unter Lärmbelastung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Intranasal exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum enhances airway inflammation in allergic mice

RATIONALE: Exposure to building dampness, often associated with growth of microbes such as Stachybotrys chartarum, has been linked to respiratory symptoms. We have shown previously in a murine model that exposure to S. chartarum can induce lung inflammation characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes; this process is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and leucocyte-attracting chemokines. OBJECTIVES: Because an atopic predisposition may influence the response to microbes, we examined the effects of S. chartarum on allergic mice in an experimental model. BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injections and exposed for 3 wk to spores of S. chartarum. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils were drastically increased in bronchoalveolar fluid from these mice as compared with the ovalbumin-sensitized/challenged mice or those exposed to S. chartarum without ovalbumin sensitization. Histologic sections showed severe granulomatous inflammatory cell infiltrates in all compartments of the lung, including peribronchial, perivascular, and alveolar spaces. The mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha and the chemokine CCL3/MIP-1alpha were also markedly increased in the lungs. Despite the enhancement of the pulmonary inflammatory reaction, exposure to S. chartarum spores significantly down-regulated airway hyperresponsiveness and showed a tendency to decrease levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung. CONCLUSION: Exposure to S. chartarum modulates the inflammatory reaction and airway hyperresponsiveness, depending on the allergic status of the exposed mice.     

Overcoming the shortage of transplantable organs: ethical and psychological aspects

The main ethical problem of organ transplantation is the shortage of transplantable organs. The substitute strategies currently under discussion endanger frust in transplantion medicine and thereby increase the problem. Thus ethically preferable alternatives to overcome the shortage are suggested.