Investigation of Role of Nitric Oxide in Protection from Bordetella pertussis Respiratory Challenge

The mechanism whereby whole-cell pertussis vaccines (WCV) confer protection against Bordetella pertussis is still not fully understood. We have previously reported that macrophage activation produced by vaccination with WCV is associated with induction of NO synthesis by macrophages in response to in vitro stimulation with B. pertussis antigens. To determine whether NO production is an effector of protection or simply a marker of activation, the susceptibility of inducible nitric oxide synthase (type II, iNOS) knockout mice to infection with B. pertussis was examined. We showed that iNOS knockout mice were more susceptible to B. pertussis respiratory challenge than wild-type mice. iNOS-deficient mice also developed a less effective protective response than wild-type mice after the same immunization with WCV. This suggests that NO plays an important role in effecting protection against B. pertussis challenge.     

111例双黄连过敏反应文献分析

目的:分析临床应用双黄连引致的过敏反应的规律。方法:对2000年1月-2004年3月中国期刊网中收录的111例双黄连过敏反应在性别、年龄、发生时间、给药途径和临床表现进行分析。结果:双黄连过敏与年龄、性别无关,与给药途径有关,注射剂易发生过敏反应。该药过敏的临床表现有:过敏性休克67例(60%),皮肤黏膜症状61例(55%),其他类型过敏反应14例(13%)31例同时出现多种过敏症状。过敏发生时间最短为开始用药1m in以内,最长为用药后72h,97例(87%)在用药过程中发生过敏症状。结论:双黄连的过敏反应以速发型过敏反应(如过敏性休克)为主,应是临床关注的重点。     

膨润土对药用混悬液助悬性能的考察

本文报道了无机胶体膨润土(Bentonite)作为助悬剂在炉甘石洗剂中的应用,并与有机助悬剂及另一种无机胶体XVT—M进行比较,显示了其优异的助悬性能。     

颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞下甲状腺手术应激反应的比较

目的 :比较颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞下甲状腺手术应激反应的大小。方法 :选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,女性 ,甲状腺手术患者 30例 ,年龄 2 2～ 5 5岁 ,术前无呼吸、循环和内分泌疾病 ,随机分为颈丛阻滞组 (颈丛组 ) 15例 ,硬膜外阻滞组(硬膜外组 ) 15例 ;颈丛阻滞选用 0 .8%利多卡因和 0 .2 5 %布比卡因混合液 ,以C4一点法行双侧深浅丛阻滞 ;硬膜外阻滞选用 1.3%利多卡因和 0 .15 %丁卡因混合液 ,穿刺点选择C4～ 5或C5～ 6间隙 ,采用侧卧位直入法 ,并向头置管 3cm ;分别测定并记录麻醉前、麻醉后 2 0min、切皮、分上极、切腺体和术毕共六个时点的血糖、血压和心率的变化。结果 :两组病例各时点血糖均逐步上升 ,于分上极、切腺体和术毕血糖值与麻醉前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;硬膜外组只在分上极时SBP与麻醉前比较有差异外 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而颈丛组在分上极、切腺体时DBP与麻醉前比较有差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SBP、MAP与麻醉前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :本研究表明颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞均不能完全抑制甲状腺手术的应激反应 ,在稳定甲状腺手术循环功能方面硬膜外阻滞优于颈丛阻滞     

银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力、体力的影响

目的：观察银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力体力的影响。方法：小鼠随机分为七组，通过喂饲银杏竹鼠肌肉干粉连续一个月，用小鼠低温游泳存活时间实验，耐缺氧实验及跳台和记忆获得障碍实验分别记录低温游泳存活时间，缺氧存活时间及第一次错误潜伏期和跳台错误次数。结果：各竹肉组小鼠与普通饲料（ＮＳ）组，普肉组，护宝液组比较，均可明显延长小鼠低温游泳存活时间和缺氧存活时间（Ｐ＜０．０５），与洋参丸组相当（Ｐ＞０．０５），竹肉大／超组小鼠跳台错误次数均减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉超组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉大组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期有延长趋势，但无统计学意义。结论：口服银杏竹鼠肌肉成分可增强小鼠学习记忆能力，增强小鼠体质，提高小鼠生活质量。这一结果也提示银杏竹鼠肌肉成分很有可能成为极有应用前景和开发前景的保健食品。     

去势后大鼠海马结构一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化

目的：观察去势后大鼠海马结构一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的变化。方法：用黄递酶组织化学染色方法观察切除双侧卵巢后雌后SD大鼠海马结构NOS阳性神经元的形态，分布的变化，并进行计算机图像分析。结果：去势后海马结构NOS阳性神经元分布变化有区域差异性；NOS阳性神经元在下托、海马（CA）一区邻近下托的部分、CA三区、CA四区（CA4）和齿状回（DG）数目明显减少，而在CA二区数目明显明显增多，CA4和DG的NOS阳性神经元平均密度降低，胞体的平均周长和平均截面积都明显减少。结论：雌激素可能通过影响海马结构NOS的表达来影响学习和记忆。     

梅毒诊治中存在问题及对策

目的：阐述对梅毒诊治中存在的问题并提出对策。方法：对本院检出的72例梅毒病例进行临床分析。结果：72例中44％(39／72)的患者未进行正规治疗及定期复查，51．3％。(16／39)的患者确诊后和治疗前未做滴度测定。结论：对可疑病人常规行梅毒血清学试验，早期诊断，正规足量治疗，治疗前行滴度测定，定期复查是诊治的关键。     

体外培养中IFN-γ、L-Arg 及L-NNA对NO合成的影响及NO抗旋毛虫的作用

目的　探讨体外培养中IFN γ、L Arg及L NNA对NO合成的影响及NO抗旋毛虫的作用。 方法　分离、纯化长爪沙鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,置RPMI16 4 0培养液中培养。设IFN γ组、L Arg组、L NNA组和对照组 ,每个实验组又分 5个不同的浓度组。分别向含有巨噬细胞的培养瓶中加入不同浓度的IFN γ、L Arg及L NNA进行体外培养。培养 2 4h后 ,用硝酸还原酶法分别测定培养液中的NO含量。将旋毛虫幼虫分别加入上述培养体系中进行体外培养 ,观察旋毛虫幼虫的活动及损伤。结果　①体外培养中 ,激活的巨噬细胞能产生NO ,IFN γ和L Arg能促进NO的合成 ,L NNA则能抑制NO的合成 ,这种促进或抑制NO合成的作用均具有剂量依赖性 ,剂量越高作用越明显。②加入旋毛虫幼虫后 ,在IFN γ和L Arg培养体系中 ,随着NO浓度的升高及作用时间的延长 ,对虫体的抑制及杀伤作用越来越明显 ,导致其活动度减弱 ,虫体破裂 ,最终死亡 ;在L NNA培养体系中 ,L NNA浓度越高 ,对虫体的影响越小。结论　①体外培养中 ,通过激活的巨噬细胞 ,IFN γ和L Arg能促进NO的合成 ,给予L NNA则能抑制NO的合成。②NO对旋毛虫幼虫有抑制及杀伤作用     

Human osteoblasts' proliferative responses to strain and 17beta-estradiol are mediated by the estrogen receptor and the receptor for insulin-like growth factor I.

The mechanism by which mechanical strain and estrogen stimulate bone cell proliferation was investigated using monolayer cultures of human osteoblastic TE85 cells and female human primary (first-passage) osteoblasts (fHOBs). Both cell types showed small but statistically significant dose-dependent increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to 17beta-estradiol and to a single 10-minute period of uniaxial cyclic strain (1 Hz). In both cell types, the peak response to 17beta-estradiol occurred at 10(-8) - 10(-7) M and the peak response to strain occurred at 3500 microstrain ((mu)epsilon). Both strain-related and 17beta-estradiol-related increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation were abolished by the estrogen receptor (ER) modulator ICI 182,780 (10-8 M). Tamoxifen (10(-9) - 10(-8) M) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in both cell types but had no effect on their response to strain. In TE85 cells, tamoxifen reduced the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation associated with 17beta-estradiol to that of tamoxifen alone but had no such effect in fHOBs. In TE85 cells, strain increased medium concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II but not IGF-I, whereas 17beta-estradiol increased medium concentrations of IGF-I but not IGF-II. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MNAb) to IGF-I (3 microg/ml) blocked the effects of 17beta-estradiol and exogenous truncated IGF-I (tIGF-I; 50 ng/ml) but not those of strain or tIGF-II (50 ng/ml). Neutralizing antibody to IGF-II (3 microg/ml) blocked the effects of strain and tIGF-II but not those of 17beta-estradiol or tIGF-I. MAb aIR-3 (100 ng/ml) to the IGF-I receptor blocked the effects on [3H]thymidine incorporation of strain, tIGF-II, 17beta-estradiol, and tIGF-I. HOBs and TE85 cells, act similarly to rat primary osteoblasts and ROS 17/2.8 cells in their dose-related proliferative responses to strain and 17beta-estradiol, both of which can be blocked by the ER modulator ICI 182,780. In TE85 cells (as in rat primaries and ROS 17/2.8 cells), the response to 17beta-estradiol is mediated by IGF-I, and the response to strain is mediated by IGF-II. Human cells differ from rat cells in that tamoxifen does not block their response to strain and reduces the response to 17beta-estradiol in TE85s but not primaries. In both human cell types (unlike rat cells) the effects of strain and IGF-II as well as estradiol and IGF-I can be blocked at the IGF-I receptor.     

肝细胞癌的相关血清标志物

HCC的早期诊断是其治疗的关键，HCC血清标志物的检测又为其诊断提供了有利的途径，并且操作简单，敏感性高和特异性强。目前常用的血清标志物为AFP、AFP变异体、AFP mRNA、AFU、GGT、DCP、AIF、GPC3等。这些标志物的联合使用有助于HCC的诊断及预后。