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141.
Mapping the quality of life and unmet needs of urban women with metastatic breast cancer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Aranda S Schofield P Weih L Yates P Milne D Faulkner R Voudouris N 《European journal of cancer care》2005,14(3):211-222
Enhancing quality of life and reducing the unmet needs of women are central to the successful management of advanced breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of life and support and information needs of urban women with advanced breast cancer. This study was conducted at four large urban hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. A consecutive sample of 105 women with advanced breast cancer completed a questionnaire that contained the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Q-C30 and the Supportive Care Needs Survey. Between one quarter and a third of the women reported difficulties with their physical, role and social functioning, and a little over a quarter of the women reported poor global health status. Fatigue was a problem for most women. The highest unmet needs were in the psychological and health information domains. Almost no differences in unmet needs were detected when comparing different demographic and disease characteristics of women. Health care providers should routinely monitor the quality of life and needs of women with advanced breast cancer to ensure that appropriate treatment, information or supportive services are made available. 相似文献
142.
Mohammad?Reza?MovahedEmail author Absalom?Hepner Paul?Lizotte Norah?Milne 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2005,12(4):428-434
BACKGROUND: Flattening of the interventricular septum (D-shaped left ventricle) detected during echocardiographic examination is correlated with significant right ventricular (RV) overload. There are no reports of this finding with cardiac gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. We report an observational study correlating this finding with the presence of RV overload. METHODS AND RESULTS: Retrospectively, we compared 8 cases with flattening of the interventricular septum on cardiac gated SPECT imaging for which echocardiographic correlations and clinical data were available regarding the presence of RV overload. All patients but 1 had pulmonary hypertension ranging from 42 to 52 mm Hg measured by echocardiographic Doppler studies. All patients but 1 had reasons for RV overload (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 3, history of atrial septal defect in 3, pulmonary embolism in 1, and obstructive sleep apnea in 1). Septal flattening present on gated SPECT images was seen in 50% of the cases by echocardiography. Other signs of RV overload (RV enlargement, RV hypertrophy) were observed by echocardiography in 5 patients and by the gated SPECT in 7 patients. CONCLUSION: The presence of interventricular septal flattening on gated SPECT studies correlates with RV overload and should be routinely assessed during interpretation of gated SPECT studies. 相似文献
143.
Stein K Fry A Round A Milne R Brazier J 《Applied health economics and health policy》2005,4(4):219-228
The objective of this article was to review the methods used to obtain quality-of-life (utility) weights reported in assessments carried out for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).The design of the review was a cross-sectional survey. Health technology assessment (HTA) reports published on the NICE website up to May 2003 were reviewed. Data were extracted on the following: the approach to utility estimation (direct or indirect), how health states were described for indirect estimation, valuation techniques used (standard gamble [SG], time trade-off [TTO], visual analogue scale [VAS], etc.), whether uncertainty in utility estimates was explored in cost-utility analyses, and whether utility values were identified as a priority for further research by assessment authors.Fifty-six assessments were reviewed, of which 28 reported 45 cost-utility analyses. There was striking variation in the values used to describe different health states. Data from patients were used in 15 (33%) analyses, from the general public in 10 (22%) and from clinicians in 4 (9%). In 16 (36%) cases, the source for utility estimates was unclear. Health states were described using a range of generic and disease-specific measures, although the EQ-5D was used most frequently. In 25 analyses (56%), the valuation technique used was not reported. TTO was used in 11 (24%), SG in 3 (7%), magnitude estimation in 5 (11%) and VAS in 1 (2%). Sensitivity analyses based on utility values were reported in 25 cases (56%), more commonly in reports of analyses carried out by independent teams than technology sponsors although this may be subject to reporting bias. Further research into quality of life was recommended in 17 (61%) of the 28 assessment reports that contained at least one cost-utility analysis. Greater transparency and consistency are required in reporting the methods used to obtain quality-of-life weights in cost-utility analyses, and better sources of data are required. Methodological variation results in important differences in values. Therefore, caution must be exercised when comparing the results of different cost-utility analyses. 相似文献
144.
Overnourishing the singleton-bearing adolescent sheep throughout pregnancy promotes maternal tissue synthesis at the expense of the nutrient requirements of the gravid uterus. Consequently, the growth of the placenta is impaired and results in the premature delivery of low-birth-weight lambs relative to moderately fed adolescents of equivalent age. To establish if this phenomenon is unique to the growing animal, singleton pregnancies to a single sire were established by embryo transfer into primiparous adult ewes who had attained the normal mature body size for their genotype. Thereafter ewes were offered a maintenance or a high level of a complete diet throughout gestation. High maternal intakes resulted in elevated maternal insulin, no significant change in growth hormone or glucose, and attenuated progesterone and NEFA concentrations. Live weight gain during the first 93 d of gestation was 48 and 244 g/d, and adiposity score at term was 2.4 and 3.7 in the maintenance and high groups, respectively (P<0.001). In spite of achieving levels of adiposity similar to overnourished adolescents, placental (477 (sem 30) v. 518 (sem 41) g) and fetal (5190 (sem 320) v. 5420 (sem 250) g) weights were equivalent in maintenance and high groups. Gestation length was shorter (P<0.01) and colostrum yield at parturition lower (P<0.05) in high v. maintenance dams. Thus, adult sheep appear to be relatively insensitive to the oversupply of nutrients during pregnancy and have the ability to meet the nutrient requirements for normal conceptus growth in spite of their increased adiposity. 相似文献
145.
Duthie SJ Gardner PT Morrice PC Wood SG Pirie L Bestwick CC Milne L Duthie GG 《European journal of nutrition》2005,44(4):195-203
Summary
Background
Fruit and
vegetable consumption protects
against cancer. This is attributed in
part to antioxidants such as vitamin
E combating oxidative DNA
damage. Anthocyanins are found in
significant concentrations in the
human diet. However, it remains to
be established whether they are
bioactive in vivo.
Aim
To investigate
the consequence both of vitamin
E deficiency on oxidative damage
to DNA and lipids and the
cytoprotective effect of nutritionally
relevant levels of cyanidin–3–glycoside both in vivo in rats and
in vitro in human colonocytes.
Methods
Male Rowett Hooded Lister
rats were fed a diet containing
less than 0.5 mg/kg vitamin E or a
vitamin E supplemented control
diet containing 100 mg d–tocopherol
acetate/kg. Half of the controls
and vitamin E–deficient rats
received cyanidin–3–glycoside
(100 mg/kg). After 12 weeks endogenous
DNA stability in rat lymphocytes
(strand breaks and oxidised
bases) and response to
oxidative stress ex vivo (H2O2;
200 µM) was measured by single
cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).
Tissue levels of 8–oxo–7,8–dihydro–2–deoxyguanosine (8–Oxo–dG)
were measured by HPLC with EC
detection. D–tocopherol and lipid
peroxidation products (thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances;
TBARS) were measured by HPLC.
Rat plasma pyruvate kinase and
the production of reactive oxygen
by phagocytes were detected spectrophotometrically
and by flow cytometry
respectively. Immortalised
human colon epithelial cells
(HCEC) were preincubated in vitro
with the anthocyanins cyanidin
and cyanidin–3–glycoside and the
flavonol quercetin (all 50 µM) before
exposure to H2O2 (200 µM).
DNA damage was measured by
SCGE as above.
Results
Plasma and
liver d–tocopherol declined progressively
over 12 weeks in rats
made vitamin E deficient. Lipid
peroxidation was increased significantly
in plasma, liver and red cells.
Reactive oxygen levels in phagocytes
and plasma pyruvate kinase
were increased. Vitamin E deficiency
did not affect DNA stability
in rat lymphocytes, liver or colon.
Cyanidin–3–glycoside did not alter
lipid peroxidation or DNA damage
in rats. However, it was chemoprotective
against DNA damage in human
colonocytes.DNA strand
breakage was decreased
38.8 ± 2.2 % after pretreatment with
anthocyanin.
Conclusion
while it is
accepted that vitamin E alters lipid
oxidation in vivo, its role in maintaining
DNA stability remains unclear.
Moreover, whereas cyanidin–3–glycoside protects against
oxidative DNA damage in vitro, at
nutritionally relevant concentrations
it is ineffective against oxidative
stress in vivo. 相似文献
146.
147.
Antibodies against Esch. coli WF 96 and WF 61 present in human colostrum and serum were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Using the haemagglutination test it was found that the antibodies present in colostrum were recovered in the fraction containing the bulk of γA-globulin, whereas the antibodies present in serum were recovered in the fraction containing the bulk of γM-globulin. In the presence of human or guinea-pig complement the antibodies present in colostrum did not lyse red cells coated with bacterial polysaccharides whereas the antibodies present in serum were lytic.
When the properties of γA and γM antibodies were studied using a bacteriolytic system, it was observed that γA-globulin lysed bacteria only in the presence of both complement and lysozyme; in this respect γAbacterial antibodies behaved differently from γM antibodies which were bacteriolytic in the presence of complement alone, without lysozyme.
The effect of treating γA and γM antibodies with 2-mercaptoethanol at neutral pH and of heating at 56° was investigated.
相似文献148.
149.