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Charlotte C. GUPTA Michelle DOMINIAK Katya KOVAC Amy C. REYNOLDS Sally A. FERGUSON Cassie J. HILDITCH Madeline SPRAJCER Grace E. VINCENT 《Industrial health》2022,60(2):91
Due to the unpredictable nature of working time arrangements, on-call workers experience regular disruption to sleep, particularly if woken by calls. Sleep disruption can impact long term physical and mental health, next day performance, and importantly, performance immediately after waking. To reduce the impact of performance impairments upon waking (i.e., reducing sleep inertia), research has investigated strategies to promote alertness (e.g., bright light, caffeine, and exercise). This review puts forth on-call workers who are likely to return to sleep after a call, it is also important to consider the impact of these sleep inertia countermeasures on subsequent sleep. Future research should build on the preliminary evidence base for sleep inertia countermeasures by examining the impact on subsequent sleep. This research is key for both supporting alertness and performance during a call (“switching on”) and for allowing the on-call worker to return to sleep after a call (“switching off”). 相似文献
994.
Stephanie A. Atkinson Atherai Maran Kendra Dempsey Maude Perreault Thuva Vanniyasingam Stuart M. Phillips Eileen K. Hutton Michelle F. Mottola Olive Wahoush Feng Xie Lehana Thabane 《Nutrients》2022,14(4)
A randomized two-arm prospective superiority trial tested the efficacy of a novel structured and monitored nutrition (bi-weekly counselling for individualized energy and high dairy protein diet) and exercise program (walking goal of 10,000 steps/day) (intervention) compared to usual care (control) in pregnant women to achieve gestational weight gain (GWG) within current recommendations. Women recruited in communities in southern Ontario, Canada were randomized at 12–17 weeks gestation with stratification by site and pre-pregnancy BMI to intervention (n = 119) or control (n = 122). The primary outcome was the proportion of women who achieved GWG within the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Although the intervention compared to control group was more likely to achieve GWG within recommendations (OR = 1.51; 95% CI (0.81, 2.80)) and total GWG was lower by 1.45 kg (95% CI: (−11.9, 8.88)) neither reached statistical significance. The intervention group achieved significantly higher protein intake at 26–28 week (mean difference (MD); 15.0 g/day; 95% CI (8.1, 21.9)) and 36–38 week gestation (MD = 15.2 g/day; 95% CI (9.4, 21.1)) and higher healthy diet scores (22.5 ± 6.9 vs. 18.7 ± 8.5, p < 0.005) but step counts were similar averaging 6335 steps/day. Pregnancy and infant birth outcomes were similar between groups. While the structured and monitored nutrition with counselling improved diet quality and protein intake and may have benefited GWG, the exercise goal of 10,000 steps/day was unachievable. The results can inform future recommendations for diet and physical activity in pregnancy. 相似文献
995.
Seth A. Hoffman Sachin N. Desai Michael J. Sikorski Glenn Fatupaito Siaosi Tupua Robert E. Thomsen Savitra Rambocus Susana Nimarota-Brown Linatupu L. Punimata Michelle Sialeipata Chandler F. Tuilagi Jane Han Roy M. Robins-Browne Take K. Naseri Myron M. Levine 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2022,106(3):798
996.
997.
Linda H. Hamilton J. Brooks-Gunn Michelle P. Warren 《The International journal of eating disorders》1986,5(5):925-934
A 24 hour nutritional survey was conducted on 79 professional female ballet dancers in order to examine the relationship between nutritional intake and eating and anorectic behaviors, measured weight, and menstrual irregularity. Dancers who exhibited anorectic behaviors and had high restrained and bulimic eating scores consumed significantly less protein and fat. Heavier dancers (from −4 to −10% below ideal weight) were found to be consuming fewer calories, exhibiting more dieting behavior, and reporting more menstrual irregularity than thinner dancers (from −11 to −21% below ideal weight). When the dancers with menstrual irregularities were examined as a group, they were found to ingest less protein, iron, and niacin and report more anorectic and dieting behaviors than dancers without menstrual irregularities. These data suggest that concerns about weight are manifested in the nutritional habits of professional ballet dancers and that dancers nearer to ideal weight are more actively engaged in dieting behavior than those who are thinner. 相似文献
998.
Linda H. Hamilton J. Brooks-Gunn Michelle P. Warren 《The International journal of eating disorders》1985,4(4):465-477
Fifty-five white and eleven black female dancers in nine regional and national ballet companies in America and Europe (mean age 24.9) were surveyed for eating disorders. The dancers, as a whole, weighed 12% below their ideal weight for height. None of the black American dancers reported anorexia nervosa or bulimia, while 15% of the white American dancers reported anorexia nervosa and 19% reported bulimia. All instances of anorexia nervosa were in national rather than regional companies, making the incidence among whites in the former 22%. Self-reported anorectics scored higher on the EAT-26, had lower weights, exhibited more psychopathology, and a poorer body image than the nonanorectics. In addition, all but one of the self-reported anorectics weighed, or had weighed, less than 20% of ideal weight for height. The bulimics valued their careers less, dieted more, and exercised less frequently than the nonbulimics. Weight did not differ for these two groups. The data suggest that the anorectic dancers differ from dancers with no eating disorders and that sociocultural factors are related to the report of eating disorders. Specifically, level of competition is related to reported anorexia nervosa and ethnicity to anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 相似文献
999.
Michelle G Jansen Ludovica Griffanti Clare E Mackay Melis Anatürk Luca Melazzini Ann-Marie G de Lange Nicola Filippini Enik Zsoldos Kim Wiegertjes Frank-Erik de Leeuw Archana Singh-Manoux Mika Kivimki Klaus P Ebmeier Sana Suri 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2022,42(4):600
We characterize the associations of total cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) burden with brain structure, trajectories of vascular risk factors, and cognitive functions in mid-to-late life. Participants were 623 community-dwelling adults from the Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study with multi-modal MRI (mean age 69.96, SD = 5.18, 79% men). We used linear mixed-effects models to investigate associations of SVD burden with up to 25-year retrospective trajectories of vascular risk and cognitive performance. General linear modelling was used to investigate concurrent associations with grey matter (GM) density and white matter (WM) microstructure, and whether these associations were modified by cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Asessment [MoCA] scores of < 26 vs. ≥ 26). Severe SVD burden in older age was associated with higher mean arterial pressure throughout midlife (β = 3.36, 95% CI [0.42-6.30]), and faster cognitive decline in letter fluency (β = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.13–−0.01]), and verbal reasoning (β = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.11–−0.001]). Moreover, SVD burden was related to lower GM volumes in 9.7% of total GM, and widespread WM microstructural decline (FWE-corrected p < 0.05). The latter association was most pronounced in individuals who demonstrated cognitive impairments on MoCA (MoCA < 26; F3,608 = 2.14, p = 0.007). These findings highlight the importance of managing midlife vascular health to preserve brain structure and cognitive function in old age. 相似文献
1000.
David N. O'Dwyer Michelle E. Armstrong Gordon Cooke Jonathan D. Dodd Douglas J. Veale Seamas C. Donnelly 《European Journal of Internal Medicine》2013,24(7):597-603
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common Connective Tissue Disease (CTD) and represents an increasing burden on global health resources. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been recognised as a complication of RA but its potential for mortality and morbidity has arguably been under appreciated for decades. New studies have underscored a significant lifetime risk of ILD development in RA. Contemporary work has identified an increased risk of mortality associated with the Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) pattern which shares similarity with the most devastating of the interstitial pulmonary diseases, namely Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). In this paper, we discuss recent studies highlighting the associated increase in mortality in RA–UIP. We explore associations between radiological and histopathological features of RA–ILD and the prognostic implications of same. We emphasise the need for translational research in this area given the growing burden of RA–ILD. We highlight the importance of the respiratory physician as a key stakeholder in the multidisciplinary management of this disorder. RA–ILD focused research offers the opportunity to identify early asymptomatic disease and define the natural history of this extra articular manifestation. This may provide a unique opportunity to define key regulatory fibrotic events driving progressive disease. We also discuss some of the more challenging and novel aspects of therapy for RA–ILD. 相似文献