镧、铈、氟在抑制人离体牙根面脱矿中作用的比较研究

作者采用含镧(La)、铈(Ce)、氟(F)的脱矿液，在体外模拟口腔pH循环变化的环境中对离体人牙根面进行抑制脱钙的实验研究，并采用化学及能谱分析手段，对La，Ce，F在根面的抑制脱钙作用进行定量分析。结果显示，这三种微量元素对根面均有明显的抑制脱钙作用，但F较La、Ce的抑制作用强．该研究还从晶体物理化学角度对La、Ce、F的抑制脱矿作用的机理进行探讨。     

Properties of a new root-end filling material

The purposes of this investigation were 2-fold: to study the physical properties and sealing ability of Viscosity Enhanced Root Repair Material (VERRM); and, to compare them with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). VERRM has a composition similar to mineral trioxide aggregate, with handling characteristics and consistency similar to commercially available materials such as IRM and Super EBA. The pH, setting times, solubility, radiopacity, dimensional change upon setting, and apical sealing ability of VERRM were evaluated and compared to that of ProRoot MTA (GMTA) and ProRoot MTA (Tooth Colored Formula) (WMTA). The results showed that VERRM had physical properties similar to WMTA. VERRM and WMTA showed significantly greater dye penetration than GMTA (p < 0.05) when used as a root-end filling material. There was no significant difference in depth of dye penetration between VERRM and WMTA. Further development of VERRM is indicated to produce a biocompatible root-end filling material with superior handling characteristics.     

大鼠舌背上皮细胞体外培养及其生物学特性观察

目的:探讨舌背上皮细胞体外培养的可行性,并观察其生长特性。方法:断颈处死出生后1d的SD大鼠,70%乙醇浸泡3～5min,切取舌体及下颌骨。以DMEM/F12作为基础培养液,原代培养舌背黏膜上皮。当细胞铺满整个培养瓶底70%时,进行细胞传代。采用广谱角蛋白细胞免疫化学染色法及透射电镜观察法对上皮细胞进行鉴定。结果:接种时,原代细胞形状、大小不等,呈多样性,表现为多角状扁平细胞、体积较大的球形细胞和体积较小的球形细胞。大多数细胞在培养24h后贴壁;培养3d后,细胞增殖形成许多小而不规则的细胞克隆或集落,开始进入指数增殖阶段,形成细胞团块。随着时间推移,细胞团块周围结构疏松,间隙增大,细胞团块不断增大,融合、连接成片,排列成铺路石状,可传3～4代。结论:以DMEM/F12为基础培养液,可成功地培养出舌背上皮细胞。     

Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in rabbit temporomandibular joint posterior attachment following disc displacement

Pathological changes and mRNA expression were studied in the posterior attachment of 40 adult Japanese white rabbits. The right temporomandibular joints of 28 rabbits were subjected to surgical disc displacement. Joints were studied by histochemistry and in situ hybridization. The collagen in the posterior attachment became dense, especially near the posterior band of the disc. Chondrocytes were found not only in the disc but also in the posterior attachment. Sometimes cartilage formation was seen. Type II collagen mRNA expression was first detected in the posterior attachment 4 days postoperatively and became progressively stronger with time. Aggrecan expression in the posterior attachment decreased at first, then increased gradually. It was concluded that, in the temporomandibular joint, chondrocytes appear in the posterior attachment as a result of biomechanical stimuli and the attachment becomes fibrocartilaginous following disc displacement.     

田基黄对人舌癌细胞株TSCCa细胞毒作用的研究

本实验采用体外细胞毒试验（MTT法）和电镜观察，研究了田基黄对人舌癌细胞株TSCCa的细胞毒作用。结果表明：田基黄对人舌癌细胞株TSCCa的生长有明显的抑制作用，其抑制率随浓度的增加而提高。电镜下见田基黄对癌细胞内线粒体和粗面内质网有损伤作用。结果提示中药田基黄对口腔鳞癌有较好的治疗作用。     

Granulocyte elastase in gingival crevicular fluid: improved monitoring of the site-specific response to treatment in patients with destructive periodontitis

Abstract In 13 patients with severe destructive periodontitis. the response to periodontal therapy was estimated by granulocyte elastase level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). 62 sites were classified according to changes of probing depths (PD) and quantitative bone height (BH%) before and after 5–year regular maintenance treatment: (i) 17 consistently healthy sites with no changes of PD and BH%; (ii) 6 initially healthy sites with deterioration in PD and BH%; (iii) 14 diseased sites with improvement in PD and BH%; (iv) 25 diseased sites with no improvement in PD and BH%. GCF was collected by an intracrevicular washing system. The released elastase in the supernatants (EA-S) and the cell-bound elastase in the pellets (EA-P) were determined with a low molecular weight substrate specific for granulocyte elastase. The ratio of EA-S and EA-P (S/P-ratio) was used as a relative measure of elastase released by the granulocytes present. The sites classified as diseased with no improvement or initially healthy but deteriorating, had significantly higher EA-S, EA-P and S/P-ratios than the consistently healthy sites or diseased but improving sites (p < 0.01). Both EA-S and S/P-ratio showed strongly positive correlations with the current levels of gingival inflammation and periodontal destruction (p < 0.001). The present study suggests that increased elastase level is associated with disease progression, and may be used to monitor the response to longitudinal maintenance therapy.     

正畸移动狗乳磨牙后其恒牙胚牙周组织 CSF-1及TGF-β1的表达及意义

目的：研究狗乳牙正畸移动后其恒牙胚才周组织中集落刺激因子(CSF-1)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的表达．探讨乳牙移动后其恒牙胚改变的机制。方法：取狗下颌第二乳磨牙正畸移动后14d的组织标本，用免疫组织化学染色技术观察TGF-β1和CSF-1在恒牙胚牙囊、牙周才槽骨组织中的表达。结果：TGF-β1和CSF-1的染色在乳磨牙牙根的远中牙周膜和牙槽骨中以及恒牙胚的远中牙囊和牙槽骨中的表达明显减弱，在乳磨牙牙根的近中牙周膜和牙槽骨中以及恒牙胚的近中牙囊和牙槽骨中的表达明显增强。结论：狗乳牙正畸移动后其恒牙胚牙周组织也发生骨改建。     

小鼠牙胚发育过程中collagenⅠ/Ⅲ的表达分布

目的:探讨collagenⅠ、Ⅲ在Balb/c小鼠牙胚发育各期的时间和空间分布特点,及两者在牙齿发育矿化中的作用。方法:用免疫组化方法检测小鼠牙胚发育各期collagenⅠ、Ⅲ的表达、分布。结果:collagenⅢ:出生前E13d小鼠牙胚蕾状期:口腔上皮细胞阳性表达( );E14~17d帽状期:口腔上皮细胞、成釉器星网层细胞表达弱阳性;E18~19d和出生后P1d钟状期与分化期:口腔上皮细胞、成釉器星网层细胞、牙乳头细胞、牙囊细胞表达阳性( );出生后P2~10d牙冠发育成熟期:成釉细胞、釉基质、成牙本质细胞、前期牙本质、牙乳头细胞、牙囊细胞、牙髓组织等均表达阳性( );P10~30d牙根发育成熟期:除上述细胞成分外,上皮根鞘、根周及根尖牙槽骨、牙骨质和牙周膜表达强阳性( )。collagenⅠ:在蕾状期无表达;帽状期:口腔上皮细胞、成釉器星网层细胞表达阳性;钟状期与分化期:口腔上皮细胞、成釉器星网层细胞、牙乳头细胞、牙囊细胞表达阳性;牙冠和牙根发育期:其分布和表达类似于collagenⅢ。结论:鉴于collagenⅠ、Ⅲ的表达和分布,表明它们均参与了牙胚和牙体硬组织的发育形成,但似乎cllagenⅢ的作用比collagenⅠ更为广泛。     

Effect of finish line variants on marginal accuracy and fracture strength of ceramic optimized polymer/fiber-reinforced composite crowns

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Ceramic optimized polymer (Ceromer)/fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) crowns have been promoted as alternatives to conventional crowns. However, little is known regarding the ideal tooth preparation for this type of crown. PURPOSE: This in vitro study evaluated the marginal adaptation and fracture strength of ceromer/FRC crowns with respect to the various types of finish lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four metal dies with different finish lines (0.9-mm chamfer, 1.2-mm chamfer, 1.2-mm rounded shoulder, and 1.2-mm shoulder) were prepared. Forty (10 for each finish line) Targis/Vectris crowns were fabricated on duplicated base metal alloy dies. The restorations were stereoscopically evaluated at 56 points along the entire circumferential margin for measuring the margin adaptation before and after cementation with a resin luting agent. The specimens were then compressively loaded to failure using a universal testing machine. The marginal adaptation (microm) was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunnett test (alpha=.05). The fracture load (N) was analyzed with a 1-way analysis of the variance and the Scheffe adjustment (alpha=.05). The fractured surfaces of the crowns were examined with a scanning electron microscope to determine the mode of fracture. RESULTS: The marginal adaptation of crowns with a shoulder finish line was significantly better than crowns with a chamfer finish line before and after cementation (P<.001). The increased marginal gap after cementation was the lowest in the 1.2-mm rounded shoulder group. The fracture strength of the crowns with the 0.9-mm chamfer and crowns with 1.2-mm chamfer was significantly greater than those of the crowns with the 1.2-mm shoulder or rounded shoulder (P=.011, P=.049, respectively). The mean fracture load of all crowns, regardless of the finish line design, was 1646 N. The fractured surface of the crown revealed adhesive failure and 3 types of cohesive failure (fracture of the Targis and Vectris, Targis fracture with a crack in the Vectris layer, and crushing without fracture). CONCLUSION: The marginal gaps were greater for the chamfer finish line specimens than in the shoulder finish line specimens. However, the fracture strength of the chamfer finish line specimens was greater than that of the shoulder finish line specimens.     

Education of dentists in China

China is geographically located in the east of Asia and its population exceeds 1.3 billion. An understanding of dental education in China is thus of interest. However, as there is little published information on this topic, this paper provides information about China regarding its dental history, dental school system including curriculum and dental licensure. High school graduates take a nationwide entrance examination to apply for dental school, of which there are more than 50 in China. A five year dental education leads to the BDS degree. Dental school graduates must then pass the nationwide licensure examination to practise dentistry. Currently, there are not adequate numbers of dentists to provide the necessary oral health care for people living outside metropolitan areas.