下斜肌转位术治疗分离性垂直偏斜

分离性垂直偏斜（简称DVD）亦称上隐斜。该病病因不清,治疗方法亦各不相同,临床较多采用上直肌减弱术。下斜肌止端转位术是KratZ1989年报道的一种新的DVD矫正术。近三年我们采用上直肌后徙术及下斜肌止端转位术治疗DVD,取得较好疗效。现报告如下,l临床资料11对象本组16例,年龄7一月岁,男6例,女10例,合并内斜9例,合并外斜5例,Helveston综合征2例。患者术前均行视力、屈光状态、眼位、注视性质、眼底、三棱镜及同视机检查。1．2手术设计及效果DVD手术定量主要根据第一眼位用交替遮盖试验测量最大斜视程度来决定,一般在Drp影…     

Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitory Activity of Lignans Isolated from Schizandra, Machilus and Magnolia Species

Fifteen lignans were isolated from the fruits of SCHIZANDRA CHINENSIS, the leaves of MACHILUS THUNBERGII, and the flower buds of MAGNOLIA DENUDATA. They were identified as gomisins, schizandrin, wuweizisu, schizantherin, licarins, and machilin, which inhibited rat liver ACAT with IC (50) values of 25-200 microM. Comisin N is the most potent inhibitor with IC (50) value of 25 microM in these lignans.     

Metabolism of liriodendrin and syringin by human intestinal bacteria and their relation toin vitro cytotoxicity

When liriodendrin or syringin was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, two metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (+)-syringaresinol, from liriodendrin and one metabolite, synapyl alcohol, from syringin were produced. The metabolic time course of liriodendrin was as follows: at early time, liriodendrin was converted to (+)-syringaresinol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and then (+)-syringaresinol. The in vitro cytotoxicities of these metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol and synapyl alcohol, were superior to those of liriodendrin and syringin.     

Cytotoxicity of urushiols isolated from sap of Korean lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera stokes)

Cytotoxicities of four urushiols, congeners isolated from the sap of Korean lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera Stokes), to 29 human cancer cell lines originated from 9 organs were evaluated. Their values of 50% growth inhibition were below 4 microg/ml, and showed cell line specific cytotoxicity. The present result is the first report on the cytotoxicity of urushiols suggesting that they would have an anticancer activity to human cancer cells.     

Studies on constituents of Korean basidiomycetes (L)

To find antitumor metabolites in Korean basidiomycetes, the shake-cultured mycelia of eight of the higher fungi were extracted with hot water and the extracts, after being partially purified, were subjected toin vivo antitumor test. When administeredi.p. at the dose of 30mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days into the female ICR mice, which had been implanted with 1×10⁵ cells of sarcoma 180 twenty-four hours before the first injection, the extracts ofAgaricus campestris, Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Armillaria tabescence andCalvatia exipulitormis respectively showed inhibition ratios of 64.1%, 65.4%, 60.0%, 53.0% and 49.3%. These five species were selected for further study, whereas the extracts ofPhallus impudicus, Coprinus comatus andPholiota squarrosa which showed the inhibition ratios of 31.2%, 33.5% and 19.0% were discontinued.     

Synchronous coexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 in carcinomas of the uterine cervix: a potential predictor of poor survival.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of the new prognostic information gained by analyzing the coexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cervical cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Sixty-eight patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy between 1993 and 1996, were divided into the following four groups according to their immunoreactivities for EGFR and COX-2 in paraffin-embedded sections: (a). the EGFR-negative/COX-2-negative group (n = 11); (b). the EGFR-negative/COX-2-positive group (n = 8); (c). the EGFR-positive/COX-2-negative group (n = 27); and (d). the EGFR-positive/COX-2-positive group (n = 22). The clinical features, patterns of treatment failure, and survival data in the four groups were compared. RESULTS: Positive immunoreactivity for EGFR and COX-2 was observed in 49 of 68 (72%) and 19 of 68 (28%), respectively. However, no strong correlation was found between the levels of EGFR and COX-2 immunopositivity (R(2) = 0.05, P = 0.07). Patients in the EGFR-positive/COX-2-positive group had a higher likelihood of locoregional recurrence than those in the other three groups (P = 0.02). Of the patients in the four groups, patients positive for both oncoproteins were found to have the worst prognosis with an overall 5-year disease-free survival rate of 55% compared with 91% for the EGFR-negative/COX-2-negative patients, 88% for the EGFR-negative/COX-2-positive patients, and 69% for the EGFR-positive/COX-2-negative patients (P = 0.05, log-rank test). In addition, the synchronous coexpression of the EGFR and COX-2 oncoproteins was found to be an independent prognostic factor by univariate and multivariate analyses (relative risk = 4.0, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Given these observations, we conclude that the coexpression of EGFR and COX-2 immunoreactivity may be used as a potent molecular risk factor for predicting the poor survival of patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.     

Experimental validation tests of fast Fourier transform convolution and multigrid superposition algorithms for dose calculation in low-density media.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Modern conformal radiotherapy treatments require accurate dose calculation in any relevant clinical situation. One of these situations is the treatment of lung tumors, where irradiation has to be planned under challenging conditions for dose calculation. In this study we assess the errors in dose values predicted by fast Fourier transform convolution (FFTC) and multigrid superposition (MGS) algorithms implemented in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: FFTC and MGS algorithms were used in a FOCUS 3.0.0 (Computerized Medical Systems, USA) to calculate doses in treatment plans using photon beams of 6 and 25 MV nominal energy from a Saturne 43 linac (GE Medical Systems, USA). A 10x10-cm beam irradiating a mediastinum-lung and a thoracic wall-lung-thoracic wall modeled geometry was assessed. The calculated data were compared with measurements performed with radiographic films and ionization chamber. RESULTS: FFTC algorithm leads to an average deviation from ionometric dose measurements of over 10%. Discrepancies between measured and calculated beam fringe values (distance between 50 and 90% isodose lines) of up to 8 mm were observed. For MGS algorithm, all the points assessed in both geometries fulfilled the 3%-3 mm accuracy criteria and the average deviation of absolute dose was about 1%. A maximum of 3 mm deviation in the beam fringe for any depth was found and was within 2 mm beyond the buildup region. Deviations between ionometric and film measurements were within 3%. CONCLUSIONS: MGS algorithm assesses with reasonable accuracy dose distributions and absolute dose in inhomogeneous regions like the lung region. Therefore, and respecting the inhomogeneity dose calculation, the system could be used in routine clinical practice and in dose-escalation programs. This is not true in the case of FFTC algorithm which leads to errors greater than 10% in the absolute dose calculation and underestimates the beam fringe by up to 8 mm.     

Expression of a synapse-associated membrane protein, P84/SHPS-1, and its ligand, IAP/CD47, in mouse retina

P84 and integrin associated protein (IAP) are heterophilic binding partners that are expressed in the central nervous system in addition to a variety of other tissues. Both molecules are known to be involved in cell signaling in nonneural tissues. In the retina, both molecules are expressed prominently in plexiform layers, suggesting a possible association with synapses. Here, we examined the cellular expression and ultrastructural localization of the two molecules in the developing mouse retina. Both appeared to be expressed at one or both sides of synaptic sites, although the expression of IAP in the retina precedes that of P84. Examination of transgenic IAP-null retinae revealed a failure of P84 to become associated with synaptic sites, suggesting the interaction of P84 with IAP was necessary for P84's synaptic localization. These findings suggest that the signaling activities of P84 and IAP are localized to sites of synaptic contact in the retina. Thus this pair of synapse-associated molecules represents a bidirectional signaling system that could function to modify synaptic activity or possibly trophic interactions between central neurons.     

Artery and vein separation using susceptibility-dependent phase in contrast-enhanced MRA

In magnetic resonance angiography, contrast agents are frequently used to help highlight arteries over background tissue. Unfortunately, enhancing veins hamper the visualization of arteries when data are collected over a long period of time after the arterial phase of the contrast agent. To overcome this problem, we have developed a novel imaging and postprocessing method that is capable of eliminating veins by utilizing the susceptibility difference between veins and surrounding tissue. This method was applied in the peripheral vasculature where the vessels are predominantly parallel to the main field and where the blood oxygen level-dependent effect is most pronounced. Results are presented for both long (15.8 msec) and short echo times (7.8 msec) and for sequential and centrally reordered acquisition schemes. The short echo scan approach appears to be the most promising, making it possible to obtain good suppression of the venous signal even when the timing is not perfect or when repeat scans are necessary.