Morphological characterization of different human cervical mucus types using light and scanning electron microscopy

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted on human cervical mucus using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was the morphological characterization of the different mucus types, with samples taken from the lumen of the cervix and from the different secretory zones of the cervical mucosa. METHODS: A total of 230 samples from 195 women were spread out on slides and air dried. The phenomenon of 'ferning' was observed and assessed in these samples using both LM and SEM. Further samples from the lumen of the cervix and the different secretory crypts were spread out on cover slips and fixed with glutaraldehyde (2.5%) to be studied by SEM. RESULTS: The results show the presence of four different morphological mucus types, namely L, S, P and G, in both types of sample using dried and fixed techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Mucus from the lumen of the cervix appears to be a morphologically heterogeneous entity. It contains different types of secretions, the proportions of which vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The different mucosal types show different types of crystallization, different patterns of ultrastructure (probably related to the arrangement of the glycoprotein network) and are produced in different secretory zones of the crypts in the cervix.     

Vía clínica de recuperación intensificada en cirugía cardiaca. Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología,Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular (SECCE) y la Asociación Española de Perfusionistas (AEP)

The ERAS guidelines are intended to identify, disseminate and promote the implementation of the best, scientific evidence-based actions to decrease variability in clinical practice. The implementation of these practices in the global clinical process will promote better outcomes and the shortening of hospital and critical care unit stays, thereby resulting in a reduction in costs and in greater efficiency. After completing a systematic review at each of the points of the perioperative process in cardiac surgery, recommendations have been developed based on the best scientific evidence currently available with the consensus of the scientific societies involved.     

健脑安治疗血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证的单盲对照研究

目的 评价健脑安治疗血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证的临床疗效,论证补肾降浊法是否为治疗血管性痴呆的一种有效疗法。方法 6周随机单盲对照临床试验。40例轻中度VD病人,治疗组25例,对照组15例。治疗组给予口服复方中药制剂健脑安片,1片／次,3次／d。对照组给予口服都可喜片,40mg/次,2次／d。结果 健脑安能显改善血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证,并且其改善肾虚痰浊证的疗效显优于都可喜（P＜0.05)。结论 健脑安对血管性痴呆患肾虚痰浊证的疗效显优于都可喜。补肾降浊法为治疗血管性痴呆的有效治法,具有指导临床治疗痴呆用药和进一步临床研究的价值。     

正常人和糖尿病病人消化间期移行性复合运动的研究

为探讨正常人和糖尿病患者消化间期移行性复合运动（ ＭＭＣ） 的规律,应用胃十二指肠测压技术对１６ 例健康志愿者和５１ 例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者进行ＭＭＣ 检测。结果显示正常对照组ＭＭＣ 完整出现者占７５ ．０ ％ （１２／１６） ;糖尿病组ＭＭＣ 正常者仅２７ ．５ ％ （１４／５１） ,明显低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,其中ＭＭＣ Ⅲ期缺失者占４１ ．１ ％ ,ＭＭＣ Ⅲ期胃窦收缩波幅较对照组明显减低（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。提示：胃十二指肠测压为糖尿病胃肠运动功能障碍的早期诊断和疗效观察的有效手段。     

Encrusted alkaline cystitis and malacoplakia

Urinary infection due to urea splitting bacteria leads to a rise in urinary pH, favouring the precipitation of calcium salts and struvita crystals. If deposited on the surface of a bladder with chronic inflammation or some other previous lesion, may produce an alkaline encrusted cystitis, now a rare condition. In the case here presented, occurred in a 69-year-old male. Corynebacterium urealyticum grown in the urine, and some foci of malakoplakia were found in the area of encrustation endoscopically excised. This case seems to be the third example of alkaline encrusted cystitis associated with malakoplakia reported in the bibliography. These two conditions share similar clinical signs and may probably have a common aetiopathogenesis.     

Calbindin-D28K (CaBP28k)-like Immunoreactivity in Ascending Projections

This study concerns the involvement of calbindin-D28K (CaBP28k)-containing neurons in ascending spinal projections to the brainstem (nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral reticular nucleus area), pontine (parabrachial area) and mesencephalic (periaqueductal grey) structures. All these central structures are important in the processing of visceroception and visceronociception and all are targets for spinal efferents from similar areas. CaBP28k controls the excitability of cells by acting on intrinsic calcium metabolism. Results refer to the caudal spinal areas where the visceroceptive regions are concentrated. Experiments were performed through a double labelling approach that combined the retrograde transport of a protein - gold complex to identify the projection cells and immunohistochemistry to identify the CaBP28k-positive cells. The caudal spinal cord is rich in both CaBP28k-containing and projection cells. Cells colocalizing the protein and the retrograde tracer were quite numerous, with a particularly high concentration in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn (laminae I and outer II) and the lateral spinal nucleus. The other spinal areas containing immunoreactive projection cells were the reticular part of the neck of the dorsal horn, the medial laminae VII and VIII, lamina X and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. The superficial layers and the neck of the dorsal horn are targets for nociceptive, visceroceptive and thermal inputs; the sacral parasympathetic column and lamina X are involved in visceroceptive integration. A functional role for the lateral spinal nucleus has not yet been established. Quite similar results were obtained for each of the ascending pathways under study. The high incidence of CaBP28k in spinal pathways suggests that calbindin has a major role in controlling the excitability of spinal cells subserving the processing of visceroception and/or visceronociception information to supraspinal levels. The participation of CaBP28k-immunoreactive cells in spinal ascending tract cells largely outnumbers those previously reported for various neuropeptides (Leah et al., Neuroscience, 24, 195 - 207, 1988)     

影响甲硝唑片溶出度的因素

目的：考察影响甲硝唑片溶出度的因素。方法：压片前分别按5种不同比例加羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS—Na)及硬脂酸镁，混匀，压片，测其溶出度：分别以87℃与50’C的淀粉作粘合剂制软材，压片，测其溶出度；分别以不同大小、不同硬度的颗粒压片，测其溶出度：同批颗粒分别制成直径8，9，10mm三种规格的片剂，测其溶出度。结果：CMS—Na能显著提高甲硝唑片溶出度。     

Relationship between tumor recurrence and the expression of the p53 gene in primary superficial transitional carcinoma of the bladder

Contribution of 60 patients with primary surface transitional cell tumours of the bladder where nuclear expression of p53 protein was prospectively studied and compared to known prognostic factors in an attempt to find out its role in the development of relapses. An statistically significant relationship was found between the protein expression and cytology, tumoral multifocality, stage, relapse development and tumoral progression. It can be concluded that expression of this protein can be of use as relapse predictor.     

Is it necessary to shave the pubic and genital regions of patients undergoing endoscopic urological surgery?

To determine whether postoperative urinary infections were related to shaving before undergoing endoscopic urological surgery, 90 patients were randomly assigned to shaving or not shaving. Urinary cultures revealed infection in 10 patients. Half of them had been shaved, suggesting that this practice does not affect the incidence of urinary infections.