复方法莫替丁咀嚼片治疗胃酸相关性症状的临床观察

目的：评价复方法莫替丁咀嚼片治疗胃酸相关性症状的有效性和安全性。方法：采用随机双盲对照试验，60例患者分别给予复方法莫替丁咀嚼片或法莫替丁片，20mg，bid，疗程14d。结果：两组的总有效率无统计学差异。各临床症状评分在治疗后均有显著下降，但两组间差异无统计学意义。除反酸症状的完全缓解时间，法莫替丁组优于复方法莫替丁咀嚼片组外，其他症状的完全缓解时间，两组间差异无统计学意义。两组均无严重不良反应。结论：复方法莫替丁咀嚼片是治疗胃酸相关性症状安全有效的药物。     

苏拉明联合阿霉素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤组织中HIF-1α和VEGF表达的调控及意义

目的研究苏拉明联合阿霉素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(H IF-1α)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达的调控及对移植瘤增殖的影响。方法复制肺腺癌LA795细胞的T739小鼠异体移植瘤模型。40只实验小鼠皮下移植处均成瘤,接种后4d随机分为4组,10只/组。对照组:生理盐水0.2 m l/只,于接种后第4天开始腹腔注射,1次/d,共16次;阿霉素组:阿霉素(2 mg.kg-1.d-1)溶于0.2 m l生理盐水中,于接种后第4,11,18天各腹腔注射1次;苏拉明组:苏拉明(10 mg.kg-1.d-1)溶于0.2 m l生理盐水中,余同对照组;联合组(阿霉素 苏拉明):按阿霉素组和苏拉明组用药。肿瘤接种后24 d,测量小鼠皮下肿瘤最大长径(a)和横径(b),计算肿瘤体积;处死后剥离皮下肿瘤称湿重,收集肿瘤标本固定,用免疫组化和图像分析系统定量检测肿瘤组织H IF-1α、VEGF、微血管密度(MVD)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达。结果各治疗组肿瘤体积和湿重均低于对照组,其中以联合组最低,差异有统计学意义。苏拉明组和联合组:肿瘤组织中H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值均高于对照组,MVD的灰度值和PCNA增殖指数均低于对照组;H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值以联合组最高,MVD和PCNA增殖指数以联合组最低,差异有统计学意义。阿霉素组:H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;低于联合组,差异有统计学意义;MVD低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;高于联合组,差异有统计学意义;而PCNA增殖指数低于对照组,高于联合组,差异有统计学意义;各组间H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值与MVD和PCNA增殖指数呈反向变化,直线相关分析显示均呈负相关。结论阿霉素可能协同苏拉明通过抑制H IF-1α和VEGF的表达,从而抑制肿瘤组织新生血管形成和肿瘤细胞增殖。     

急性上消化道出血的少见原因及其处理

上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, UGH)系指Treitz韧带以上的消化道包括食管、胃、十二指肠、胆道和胰管的出血;胃空肠吻合术后的空肠出血亦属此范围。上消化道出血是临床上常见的急症之一,占内科住院病人的2％-3％;其中在短期内失血量超过1000ml或循环血容量减少达20％的     

性病诊治中护患关系的伦理学探讨

探讨影响性病诊治中护患关系的伦理学因素,并提出相应的护理对策,以期建立和谐的新型护患关系.护理道德义务、保护性病患者个人隐私、护士的职业进取心、性病患者的疾病知情权等因素是当前影响性病诊疗中护患关系的主要伦理学因素;因此,加强护士的职业道德教育、尊重患者的人格和隐私权、提高自身护理专业水平、普及健康教育等伦理学措施有助于改善护患关系,最终规范性病的诊疗.     

Digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted vertical ramus osteotomy to treat condylar osteochondroma: a long-term study

We have introduced an effective treatment for mandibular condylar osteochondroma with a digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO). Eleven patients with unilateral condylar osteochondroma, who did not require orthognathic surgery or had less than 3 mm deviation of the chin and a stable occlusion, were treated during the period April 2013–January 2017 with a digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted VRO. Clinical data collected included the occlusion, facial contour, and maximum mouth opening (MMO). Computed tomographic (CT) scans were taken before and after operation. Two patients also had additional shaping of the mandibular contour. The pathological diagnosis was confirmed to be osteochondroma in all cases. A mean (range) 19 (12–40) months of follow-up for all 11 cases showed stable postoperative occlusion and facial aesthetics. There were no functional disturbances, recurrence, or condylar absorption. VRO is an alternative to orthognathic surgery for patients with osteochondroma who do not have severe malocclusions. The digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted VRO make it possible to achieve precise resection of the tumour and maintain the occlusion with minimal invasion.     

p-Cymene Modulates In Vitro and In Vivo Cytokine Production by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Activation

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of p-cymene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mice was evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of cytokine genes were examined in vitro by semiquantitative RT-PCR. In a further study, we analyzed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by western blotting. We found that p-cymene significantly regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the levels of relative mRNAs were also found to be downregulated. In in vivo trail, p-cymene markedly suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 secretion. We also found that p-cymene inhibited LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and IκBα. These results suggest that p-cymene may have a potential anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.     

Biomass fuel exposure and asthma symptoms among rural school children in Nigeria

Background: Approximately 70% of rural Nigerian households rely on biomass fuels for cooking. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) estimates the prevalence of current wheeze among children in Nigeria to have risen from 10.7% in 1999 to approximately 20% in 2014. Objective: To examine the effects of biomass smoke exposure on asthma symptom prevalence in rural children in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in rural communities in Nigeria. Asthma symptoms were defined according to ISAAC definitions. Biomass smoke exposure was determined by the types of fuel used for cooking. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between biomass smoke and asthma symptoms. Results: The study population comprised 1,690 school children, of which 865 lived in households cooking with biomass and 825 lived in households not using biomass. Asthma symptoms were reported in 481 (28.5%) children. Biomass fuel was associated with increased odds of asthma symptoms. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.05–1.80) for nocturnal cough, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.00–1.61) for current wheeze, and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.05–1.69) for report of any asthma-related symptoms. Sex modified the associations between asthma symptoms with biomass fuel: aORs were stronger and significant for males (nocturnal cough = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.24–2.76; current wheeze = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.03–2.13; report of any asthma-related symptoms = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12–2.28), but weaker and non-significant for females.Conclusion: The risk of asthma symptoms related to biomass smoke exposure appears to differ by sex.