IUD对子宫收缩的影响观察

本文重点研究妇女正常月经净后七天之内子宫收缩压力和频率,以及频脱器妇女与第一次置器妇女子宫收缩压及其相互间的差别。结果:(1)23例妇女月经净后七天之内子宫收缩压力为2.21～14.14mmHg/次,均值7.66±2.89mmHg/次。10分钟内子宫收缩28～76次,均值4.51±1.14次/分;(2)第一次置器妇女与频脱器妇女其置器前、后子宫收缩压力大小无显著差异(P>0.05)(3)子宫腔内有器子宫收缩压力比子宫腔内无器时大。两组子宫收缩压力t 检验结果(P<0.05)有显著差异:(4)第一次置(取)器前、后当时子宫收缩压力及频率大小皆有显著差异(P<0.05)。置(取)器后子宫收缩压力比置(取)器前大;(5)频脱组在置器前、后当时子宫收缩压力大小有显著差异(P<0.05),与第一次置器组相同;(6)本法测试子宫收缩压力达37～62mmHg/次时,部分受术者即有明显的下腹痛或痛感较强。     

输送链的结构与齿形探讨(三)——修正齿形链传动特性及完善齿形修正设计

本文讨论用“包络一轨迹”法设计的修正齿形链的传动特性,并提出了完善齿形修正设计的方法,基本上实现消除链传动申的“多边形效应”。     

消化道肿瘤免疫相关不良事件的临床分析

目的探讨消化系统恶性肿瘤中免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）导致免疫相关不良事件(immune-related adverse events, irAEs)的特征及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年10月北京大学肿瘤医院诊治的95例接受ICIs治疗的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料和irAEs发生情况。irAEs、内分泌irAEs危险因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析。结果 95例患者共应用ICIs治疗458例次,中位应用3例次(范围：1~33例次）。irAEs的发生率为55.8%,3~4级irAEs发生率为9.5%。最常见的irAEs为皮肤irAEs(27.4%）和内分泌irAEs(22.1%）。内分泌irAEs中甲状腺功能减退最常见(16.8%）,肾上腺皮质功能减退(2.1%）和垂体炎(1.1%）少见。多数irAEs发生于免疫治疗初期,78.2%发生于12周内。过敏反应、皮肤irAEs最早发生,中位发生时间分别为2周(范围：0.9～3.1周）和3.8周(范围：0.9～17.9周）,内分泌irAEs中位发生时间为6.9周(范围：3.0～52.1周）。多因素分析显示,女性(OR=5.197, 95%CI：1.166～23.154, P=0.031)和微卫星高度不稳定(microsatellite instability-high,MSI-H） (OR=35.048, 95%CI：2.756～445.787, P=0.006)是内分泌irAEs发生风险增加的独立危险因素,免疫治疗联合化学药物治疗(OR=0.107, 95%CI：0.021～0.412, P=0.001）是内分泌irAEs的独立保护性因素。结论在消化系统恶性肿瘤中应用ICIs具有较好的安全性。女性和MSI-H患者出现内分泌irAEs风险增加,联合化学药物治疗可能降低内分泌irAEs发生风险。     

Preparation and characterization of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate/collagen composites with an integrated structure

Porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/collagen composites with different beta-TCP/collagen weight ratio were prepared. The influences of the preparation conditions on the microstructure of porous composite and the joint status of beta-TCP particles with collagen fibrils were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed: (1) an acid treatment could effectively disassemble collagen fibrils; (2) in the resulting porous composites, beta-TCP particles homogenously existed on the skeleton of the collagen fibril network and bonded tightly to both the fibrils and themselves. The tight bonding formation could be due to the reaction between Ca ions in the particles and carboxyl groups in collagen polypeptide chains and due to the reprecipitation of partially dissolved beta-TCP during synthesis. The tight bonding between beta-TCP particles and collagen fibrils in the composites demonstrated an integrated structure, which was reproducible when beta-TCP/collagen ratio ranged from 2 to 4. Such integrated structure would make significant contributions in reliably tailoring properties of the porous composites by varying beta-TCP content. In addition, the porous composites had large porosity (approximately 95%) and appropriate pore size (approximately 100 microm), showed no negative impact in cytotoxicity assay and complete bone tissue regeneration after 12 weeks in animal test.     

Survey of the Distribution of a Newly Characterized Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Tissues

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the final products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, are found in the plasma and accumulate in the tissues during aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. A novel integral membrane protein, termed receptor for AGE (RAGE), forms a central part of the cell surface binding site for AGEs. Using monospecific, polyclonal antibody raised to human recombinant and bovine RAGE, immunostaining of bovine tissues showed RAGE in the vasculature, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells and in mononuclear cells in the tissues. Consistent with these data, RAGE antigen and mRNA were identified in cultured bovine endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, and monocyte-derived macrophages. RAGE antigen was also visualized in bovine cardiac myocytes as well as in cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and in neural tissue where motor neurons, peripheral nerves, and a population of cortical neurons were positive. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of RAGE mRNA in the tissues, and studies with rat PC12 pheochromocytes indicated that they provide a neuronal-related cell culture model for examining RAGE expression. Pathological studies of human atherosclerotic plaques showed infiltration of RAGE-expressing cells in the expanded intima. These results indicate that RAGE is present in multiple tissues and suggest the potential relevance of AGE-RAGE interactions for modulating properties of the vasculature as well as neural and cardiac function, prominent areas of involvement in diabetes and in the normal aging process.     

Alpha-smooth muscle actin as a marker for soft tissue tumours: a comparison with desmin

The immunoreactivity of a range of vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle tumours, rhabdomyosarcomas, and non-myoid lesions has been examined with the use of a monoclonal antibody to smooth muscle-specific actin and the muscle intermediate filament, desmin. In all cases of smooth muscle-derived tumours, the alpha-actin antibody yielded superior results. Staining of the myofibroblasts of fibromatoses was also seen. In contrast to desmin, immunoreactivity was not exhibited by rhabdomyosarcomas. We propose that this monoclonal antibody to alpha-smooth muscle actin is a useful addition to the panel of reagents used for the characterization of soft tissue proliferations and tumours. The technical aspects of the application of this monoclonal antibody to immunohistochemistry are discussed.     

低温保存内生致热原对其致热活性的影响

本实验用家兔全血加精制大肠杆菌内毒素，体外培养提取粗制家兔内生致热原。给大鼠静脉注射复制发热模型，观察了不同温度保存和不同时间保存的ＥＰ对其致热活性的影响。结果表明：４℃保存３天，－４０℃保存３天，７天，３０天和１８０天的ＥＰ与４℃保存１天的ＥＰ比较，其发热第一时相发热峰值和１小时体温反应指数均无显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。发热第二时相△Ｔ和第二时相１小时ＴＲＩ，在４℃保存３天和－４０℃保存３天，     

A novel active L1 retrotransposon subfamily in the mouse

Unlike human L1 retrotransposons, the 5' UTR of mouse L1 elements contains tandem repeats of approximately 200 bp in length called monomers. Multiple L1 subfamilies exist in the mouse which are distinguished by their monomer sequences. We previously described a young subfamily, called the T(F) subfamily, which contains approximately 1800 active elements among its 3000 full-length members. Here we characterize a novel subfamily of mouse L1 elements, G(F), which has unique monomer sequence and unusual patterns of monomer organization. A majority of these G(F) elements also have a unique length polymorphism in ORF1. Polymorphism analysis of G(F) elements in various mouse subspecies and laboratory strains revealed that, like T(F), the G(F) subfamily is young and expanding. About 1500 full-length G(F) elements exist in the diploid mouse genome and, based on the results of a cell culture assay, approximately 400 G(F) elements are potentially capable of retrotransposition. We also tested 14 A-type subfamily elements in the assay and estimate that about 900 active A elements may be present in the mouse genome. Thus, it is now known that there are three large active subfamilies of mouse L1s; T(F), A, and G(F), and that in total approximately 3000 full-length elements are potentially capable of active retrotransposition. This number is in great excess to the number of L1 elements thought to be active in the human genome.