周围神经端侧缝合与神经移植的实验研究

目的　比较周围神经端侧缝合与神经移植的效果。方法　选用体重 2 0 0～ 30 0gWistar大白鼠 ,左侧后肢腓总神经与胫神经端侧缝合 ,右侧腓总神经采用神经移植修复。结果　 3个月后运动神经传导速度分别为2 9.6 8± 5 .34m/s、 30 .87± 6 .0m/s(P >0 .0 5 ) ,潜伏期 2 .1± 0 .1ms ,2 .0± 0 .1ms(P >0 .0 5 ) ,波幅 12 .5± 0 .6mV、13.9± 0 .5mV(P >0 .0 5 ) ,组织切片中 ,两组均可见大量神经纤维和髓鞘 ,有髓神经纤维计数分别为 75 7.2± 2 2 .31、775± 2 1.87(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　①正常神经发出侧芽能通过端侧缝合口长入远端神经 ,使变性神经再神经化 ;②周围神经端侧缝合能取得与神经移植相近的结果。     

ASO Visual Abstract: Development and Validation of Web-Based Nomograms for Predicting Cause-Specific Mortality in Surgically Resected Nonmetastatic Invasive Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Annals of Surgical Oncology -     

Endogenous estrogen status, but not genistein supplementation, modulates 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mutation in the liver cII gene of transgenic big blue rats

A growing number of studies suggest that isoflavones found in soybeans have estrogenic activity and may safely alleviate the symptoms of menopause. One of these isoflavones, genistein, is commonly used by postmenopausal women as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. Although sex hormones have been implicated as an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, there are limited data on the potential effects of the estrogens, including phytoestrogens, on chemical mutagenesis in liver. Because of the association between mutation induction and the carcinogenesis process, we investigated whether endogenous estrogen and supplemental genistein affect 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mutagenesis in rat liver. Intact and ovariectomized female Big Blue rats were treated with 80 mg DMBA/kg body weight. Some of the rats also received a supplement of 1,000 ppm genistein. Sixteen weeks after the carcinogen treatment, the rats were sacrificed, their livers were removed, and mutant frequencies (MFs) and types of mutations were determined in the liver cII gene. DMBA significantly increased the MFs in liver for both the intact and ovariectomized rats. While there was no significant difference in MF between the ovariectomized and intact control animals, the mutation induction by DMBA in the ovariectomized groups was significantly higher than that in the intact groups. Dietary genistein did not alter these responses. Molecular analysis of the mutants showed that DMBA induced chemical-specific types of mutations in the liver cII gene. These results suggest that endogenous ovarian hormones have an inhibitory effect on liver mutagenesis by DMBA, whereas dietary genistein does not modulate spontaneous or DMBA-induced mutagenesis in either intact or ovariectomized rats.     

乳癌保留乳房手术的探讨

①目的 探讨乳癌保留乳房手术的可行性。②方法 将９０例Ⅰ,Ⅱ期乳癌病人随机分为两组,保留乳房手术组４２例,采用乳腺区段切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术;改良根治术组４８例,采用乳腺全切加腋窝淋巴结清扫术,术后两组均行放疗、化疗和内分泌治疗。比较两组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。③结果 乳癌保留乳房手术组３年生存率为９５．２％,５年生存率为９１．７％,发生并发症４例,改良根治术组３年生存率为９５．８％,５年生存率     

NMDA受体与NOS在大鼠脊髓中间外侧柱的定位和生后发育

目的 探讨N-甲基-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR1和NMDAR2A/B亚基）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）及还原型辅酶Ⅱ硫辛酰胺脱氢酶（NADPH-d）活性在大鼠脊髓中间外侧柱（IML）的定位与生后发育特征。方法 在甲醛固定的脊髓切片上,进行ABC法免疫染色和NADPH-d组织化学反应与半定量分析。结果 MMDAR1,NMDAR2A/B,NOS I和NADPH-d反应产物丰富地分布于IML,主要定位于神经元胞体、树突和轴突样纤维终末。在生后早期发育中它们具有明显的动态变化,生后7d(P7）有微弱或中等的表达,随后逐渐上调,P21或P28达到高峰,然后保持于此水平于成体动物。结论 NMDA受体-NO通路可能是脊髓交感节前神经元一条重要的细胞内信号途径,并参与神经元生后发育成熟的调控过程。     

瞬间反应式二次谐波显像评价正常犬肝脏超声学造影的实验研究

目的：评价瞬间反应二次谐波显像（Ｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ｓｅｃｏｎｄ ｈａｒｍｏｎｅｃ ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ,ＴＲＳＨＩ）对正常肝脏声学造影的增强效果及动态变化规律,并与常规连续二次谐波显像进行对比分析。方法：６只健康杂种犬 经外周静脉注射氟碳声学造影剂,分别用常规二次谐波显像和瞬间反应式二次谐波显像扫描肝脏。造影效果评价使用视觉评分和视频密度分析。结果：常规二次谐波显像有４次Ｉ级增强、４     

The characteristics of the use and the levels of diffusion of nonconventional medicine

The national trends of the utilisation of non conventional therapies suggest that an increasing number of patients employ remedies that are outside the mainstream of what has been defined as conventional western medicine. The extent to which these practices have clinical efficacy according to biomedical criteria is a matter of ongoing debate. It may be that independent of any such efficacy, the attraction of alternative medicine is related to the power of its underline shared beliefs and cultural assumptions. The fundamental premises are an advocacy of nature, vitalism, "science" and spirituality. For patients, who choose alternative medicine, the most important reason to abandon conventional therapies could be to move from the sterile "high-tech" realm of official medicine to a more intimate "high-touch" intervention offered by non-physicians.     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析615纯系小鼠血清蛋白

目的：根据各种蛋白质在一定的泳动条件下,都有一定的相对迁移率不同的特点,分析６１５ 纯系小鼠血清中的蛋白质在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的分布,进行了定位分析。方法：采用高ｐＨ 不连续性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及蛋白质特殊染色法。结果：６１５ 鼠血清蛋白质在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上可分离出１３ ～１５ 条区带,脂蛋白３ 条、白蛋白２ 条、糖蛋白５ 条、铜蓝蛋白１ 条、血红蛋白１ 条、结合珠蛋白３ 条。根据每种蛋白质的Ｒｍ 值定位顺序从阳极到阴极依次为１ ．糖蛋白、２．脂蛋白、３ ．白蛋白、４．脂蛋白、５ ．糖蛋白、６ ．巨球蛋白（ 根据其它资料） 、７ ．铜蓝蛋白、８ ．结合珠蛋白、９ ．Ｈｂ、１０ ．运铁蛋白（ 根据其它资料）、１１ ．脂蛋白、１２ ～１４ ．均为糖蛋白。光密度扫描６１５ 鼠血清蛋白质相对面积比分别为白蛋白为４８－４、α１ 球蛋白为６－９、α２ 球蛋白２３－８ 、β球蛋白为５－０ 、γ球蛋白为１３－８ 。结论：６１５ 鼠血清蛋白质的定位分析对于６１５ 鼠可移植性淋巴细胞型白血病鼠的蛋白质研究具有一定的实际意义,利用Ｒｍ 值来作蛋白质定位分析简单易行,关键在于掌握实验条件的恒定。     

Endothelin antagonist treatment for successful liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors

BACKGROUND: With the shortage of cadaveric donors, non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) are a potential source of liver allografts. However, warm ischemic injury in NHBDs seriously affects the viability of graft liver. Endothelin (ET)-1 has been reported to be involved in the hepatic microcirculatory disturbances after ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: In a porcine orthotopic liver transplantation model, changes in the serum and liver tissue ET-1 concentration were measured and the effects of an ET receptor antagonist, TAK-044, were evaluated. After cardiac arrest of the donors, liver allografts were subjected to 90 min of warm ischemia, flushed, and preserved for 4 hr at 4 degrees C. The pigs were divided into two groups: a control group (no drug treatment) and a drug-treated group, in which donors and recipients were treated with TAK-044 (10 mg/kg body, drip intravenous injection). Both groups had six donor/recipient pairs. RESULTS: -The ET-1 concentration in the hepatic venous blood increased after reperfusion of the graft in the control group recipients. ET-1 in the graft liver significantly increased during the cold preservation period. TAK-044 treatment significantly increased recipient 7-day survival rate. After reperfusion of the graft, the concentrations of serum liver enzymes and arterial lactate in the drug-treated group were significantly lower than in the control group. The postoperative increase in portal venous pressure was significantly reduced in the drug-treated group. Measurements of liver enzymes in the washed-out preservation fluid at the time of graft rinsing indicated that TAK-044 treatment of the donors significantly suppressed liver enzyme release during ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate TAK-044 treatment has protective effects on postoperative function of hepatic allografts procured from NHBDs.