银杏叶黄酮类化合物的研究进展

综述了近年来对银杏叶黄酮类化合物提取工艺、测定方法、应用等方面的研究进展，为开发利用银杏叶黄酮类化合物提供依据。     

Ultrastructural investigation of human sperm using atomic force microscopy

Ultrastructural investigation of human sperm in its natural environment (without fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning, etc.) was carried out by using atomic force microscope (AFM) in its tapping mode. This technique permits the examination of fine structural details of undamaged sperm and its topography with precision. Moreover, it allows 3D reconstruction of images and enhances the contrast to resolve details such as mitochondria that surround the axoneme at the sperm middle piece. An organized structure has been found in the flageller axoneme region. Ultrastructure also reveals folding and details of the depression of the membrane that cannot be examined with conventional techniques.     

Targeted therapies in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma

Pancreatic carcinoma is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in the western world. Although some progress has been made in the clinical management of pancreatic cancer, surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. New strategies are urgently needed for the treatment of this disease. Advances in knowledge in genetics and molecular biology have led to the development of novel treatments targeting specific molecules. Todate, the results obtained with these new drugs have not been superior to those observed with conventional chemotherapy. In the present article we review some of the new therapies for pancreatic cancer such as the use of inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors, the inhibitors of metalloproteases of the extracellular matrix, the inhibitors of farnesyltransferase, and the use of anti-angiogenic treatment. MLA is supported by grant 01/9563 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.     

Antineoplastic effects of partially HLA-matched irradiated blood mononuclear cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Vaccines, cytokines, and other biologic-based therapies are being developed as antineoplastic agents. Many of these agents are designed to induce an autologous immune response directed against the malignancy. In contrast, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is being developed as a form of allogeneic immunotherapy. This study tests the tolerance and antineoplastic activity of sequential infusions of partially HLA-matched allogeneic blood mononuclear cells (obtained from relatives) when administered outside of the context of a hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The cells are irradiated to prevent graft-versus-host disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with relapsed or refractory malignancies for which no standard therapy was available were enrolled onto a clinical trial designed to assess the tolerability and antineoplastic effects of irradiated partially HLA-matched blood mononuclear cells obtained from relatives. RESULTS: There was disease regression in three patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during treatment. There was disease progression in six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and two patients with metastatic melanoma during treatment. There was no change in disease state in several other patients. CONCLUSION: Irradiated allogeneic blood mononuclear cells administered outside the context of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation may induce disease responses in patients with relapsed or refractory malignancies. Transfusion of irradiated allogeneic blood mononuclear cells should be developed further as a novel therapeutic antineoplastic approach.     

蕲蛇抗栓酶注射液稳定性的研究

为获取对蕲蛇抗栓酶(acutobin)注射液的酶活有保护作用且使制剂稳定的保护剂配方，本实验设计了7个单方及四组正交实验共16个保护剂处方．以加入保护剂的蕲蛇抗栓酶为样品，未加保护剂的为空白对照．在37℃温度加速实验下，间隔一定时间观测蕲蛇抗栓酶制剂的酶活及澄明度的变化。结果，单方氨基酸和小肽类的加入使酶活力保存率提高，而多元醇类的加入使澄明度得到改善；复方保护剂的加入对蕲蛇抗栓酶的保护作用不明显。     

Haemoptysis in healthy children due to unsuspected foreign body

Abstract: Haemoptysis in otherwise healthy children is an uncommon event. Two cases of massive haemoptysis, subsequently requiring lobectomy, are discussed. In each case, foreign vegetable matter was identified despite previously normal bronchoscopy and minimal changes on chest radiograph.     

Actuarial survival in the premature infant less than 30 weeks' gestation

OBJECTIVE: Because survival from admission to discharge does not provide parents and physicians information about future life expectancy in the premature neonate, we characterized the actuarial survival, defined as the future life expectancy from a given postnatal age, in a large inborn population of premature infants < 30 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: We determined daily actuarial survival of 1925 inborn infants (23 to 29 weeks' gestation) admitted to the Baylor Affiliated Nurseries from July 1986 through December 1994, stratified by 100-g birth weight and by 1-week gestational-age intervals. RESULTS: In the 501- to 600-g birth weight stratum, actuarial survival improved from 31% at birth, to 61% on day of life 7, and then to 75% on day of life 28; in the 901- to 1000-g birth weight stratum, actuarial survival improved from 88%, to 94%, and then to 98% throughout the same times, respectively. Similar trends were obtained when data were stratified by gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Survival in the smallest infants improves dramatically during the first few days of life, but there is a significant risk for late death in the smallest of these infants.     

Occult quinine-induced thrombocytopenia

Quinine is universally used for the very common symptom of night leg cramps. Patients may not mention it among their medicines, since it is so commonly used and they regulate it themselves. A 68-year-old man suddenly developed extensive bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis was initially thought to be a recurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that had initially occurred in 1992 and had required splenectomy. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia was also considered, and he was told to stop all of his medicines. Only after three subsequent episodes of severe, symptomatic thrombocytopenia over the next four weeks did he say, upon repeat questioning, that he had continued to take quinine for night leg cramps. Even after a strict warning, he took another quinine tablet that evening, which triggered his fifth episode of severe thrombocytopenia, and confirmed the etiology of quinine-induced thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis thrombocytopenia caused by common drugs can be difficult, requiring persistent, explicit questions.     

Indium-111 labelled white blood cell scintigraphy in cranial and spinal septic lesions

Cranial and spinal infections are severe events that require timely diagnosis and treatment. Physical and neurological examination, laboratory tests and radiological imaging may be insufficient for assessing cranial and spinal septic lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of indium-111 white blood cell (WBC) scan in assessing the presence of leucocytes in intracranial and spinal lesions, and in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of primary, post-traumatic and post-surgical infections. One hundred and twenty-four subjects were included in the study (48 with post-traumatic or post-surgical lesions, 73 with primary cerebral lesions, and 3 with spinal lesions). All patients underwent a diagnostic work-up including planar scans with 111In-labelled WBCs, at 4 and 24 h post tracer injection. All subjects underwent surgical treatment. Patients who did not recover from the infection as suggested by clinical evolution underwent further treatment (up to three times) and further WBC scans (up to four times). WBC scintigraphy correctly identified all the areas of leucocyte accumulation, as confirmed after surgery. WBC scintigraphy also correctly excluded the presence of leucocytes in all other lesions, as demonstrated at surgery. The results of this study confirm the accuracy of WBC scan for the assessment of patients with cranial and spinal lesions, in whom the demonstration of leucocyte accumulation can ease the diagnosis of infection, and indicate that the method is also accurate for the follow-up and management of neurosurgical patients.     

外源核苷酸对免疫抑制小鼠胸腺细胞DNA损伤的影响

目的:检测外源核苷酸对经环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠胸腺细胞DNA损伤的影响。方法:采用18～20 g昆明种小鼠30只,雌雄各半,随机分成阴性对照组(NEC)、阳性对照组(POC)和核苷酸组(NTG),每组10只。NEC组和POC组小鼠均饲喂半纯合无核苷酸的基础日粮,NTG组则在基础日粮中添加0.25%的核苷酸,实验期为21 d。在实验结束前18 h POC组和NTG组小鼠按照150mg/kg bw的剂量腹腔注射环磷酰胺,NEC组注射生理盐水,实验结束时测定脾脏和胸腺脏器指数,并取胸腺细胞,做单细胞凝胶电泳,观察细胞DNA损伤情况。结果:在基础日粮中添加核苷酸对小鼠免疫器官重量没有显著影响(P>0.05),但能极显著降低受损胸腺细胞百分率(P<0.01)和受损细胞DNA尾长(P<0.01)。结论:外源核苷酸能显著降低免疫抑制小鼠受损胸腺细胞百分率和损伤程度。