侵及眶部脑肿瘤的临床特征与显微手术处理

目的 研究侵及眶部的脑肿瘤临床特征与显微外科手术治疗效果。方法 对58例本病经临床分析与影像学检查而获诊断，采用不同手术入路及显微外科技术切除肿瘤。全组病例中，肿瘤位于前颅凹50例，中颅窝8例，均侵及眶腔。其中39例（67．2％）有头痛、头晕等颅内压增高表现，54例（93．1％）出现视器症状。结果 本组46例肿瘤（79．3％）获手术全切除，12例（20．7％）为次全切除，无死亡。对48例经信访或门诊随访6个月-9年（平均3．6年），39例（81.3％）恢复满意，余9例（18．7％）有不同程度后遗症。结论 脑肿瘤侵及眶部多以视器改变为主要临床表现。采取不同手术入路、以显微外科技术切除本类肿瘤，预后良好。     

Morbid obesity treated by gastroplasty: radionuclide gastric emptying studies

Mechanisms by which gastroplasty for morbid obesity causes weight loss are poorly understood. We studied the role of altered gastric emptying in 50 patients before surgery, 1-4 weeks after surgery, and 2-24 months after surgery using technetium-99m pentetate in water for liquid meals and a Tc-99m styrene divinylbenzene copolymer resin in oatmeal for semisolid meals. We determined the emptying half-times of the stomach before and after surgery in the proximal and distal compartments. The proximal compartment emptied promptly in the early and late postoperative periods. The distal compartment emptied liquids at rates similar to those before surgery, while the late postoperative emptying of semisolids was significantly faster. The stoma connecting the two compartments thus permits rapid transit of liquids and semisolids without delay of distal compartment emptying. No correlation was seen between the emptying half-times or changes thereof and eventual weight loss. Delayed gastric emptying is therefore not the mechanism for satiety and weight loss after gastroplasty has been performed.     

Lecturer practitioner: a concept analysis

Lecturer practitioner: a concept analysis ¶ The concept of the lecturer practitioner arose in one health authority in Britain in the late 1980s. Since its inception there, the concept has been widely adopted across the country suggesting that there is a perceived need for this role. However, there is much confusion over what a lecturer practitioner is, since each post is multifaceted, complex and unique. Rodgers' (1993) evolutionary concept analysis is used in an attempt to clarify and to identify those elements that are common to this concept. Through a review of all the available literature on this concept, the attributes, antecedents and consequences are identified and their implications discussed. Rodgers' evolutionary method is described and critiqued throughout the paper and is shown to be a suitable method for clarifying a complex concept.     

Surgical bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at Lilongwe Central Hospital

A cross sectional study was done between October 1999 and February 2000 to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of consecutive bacterial isolates of 102 clinical samples among surgical in-patients at Lilongwe Central Hospital (LCH), Malawi. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using comparative disc diffusion techniques. 83 (81.4%) samples were culture positive for bacterial growth while 19 (18.6%) grew nothing. Of the 93 culture positive specimens, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism 43(51.8%) followed by Proteus species 8(9.6%) and E. coli 7(8.4%). Overall, 98.6% of all isolates tested against ciprofloxacin were susceptible, and against gentamicin and flucloxacin were 84.8% and 66.7% respectively. 59.3% of isolates tested against chloramphenicol were resistant. We recommend a review on the use of chloramphenicol as first-line antimicrobial therapy among surgical in-patients at Lilongwe Central Hospital. We also recommend restricted use of antimicrobials so as to minimise development of drug resistance. Periodic susceptibility studies are necessary to guide judicious use of antibiotics.