胃癌细胞增殖与腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性及腹膜转移的相关性研究

目的 研究胃癌增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）表达与腹腔灌洗液端粒酶活性及腹膜转移的相关性，并比较腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性和细胞学检测游离癌细胞预测腹膜转移的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测60例胃癌患者胃癌组织中PCNA表达，PCR—TRAP-ELISA法检测腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性，同时行腹腔灌洗液脱落细胞学（peritoneal lavage cytology．PLC）检测；并分析其与相关临床病理因素的关系。结果 胃癌患者腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性的阳性率为41．7％；与浆膜侵犯、组织学类型、浸润深度、浆膜受累面积及腹膜转移密切相关，并随着浸润深度及浆膜受累面积的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。PLC检测阳性率为25．0％；在伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者明显增高，也随着浸润深度及浆膜受累面积的增加而升高。两种方法检测的阳性率总体上差异无统计学意义。但在未分化型癌、pT1、伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者端粒酶活性阳性率明显高于PLC。PCNA增殖指数（PI）在腹腔灌洗液端粒酶活性表达阳性者明显高于表达阴性者，伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者明显高于无肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P0）者，浆膜受侵者明显高于浆膜未受侵者（P均〈0．05）。结论 两种方法均适用于胃癌腹腔脱落癌细胞的诊断或腹膜转移的预测，端粒酶活性检测微量癌细胞的灵敏度优于PLC法检测；胃癌端粒酶活性与恶性增殖活性密切相关；胃癌高增殖活性是浆膜受侵及腹膜转移的重要原因。     

基因芯片筛选尿道下裂雌激素敏感基因的研究

目的 寻找与尿道下裂发病密切相关的基因,探讨尿道下裂形成机制.方法 ①实验组为12例尿道下裂患儿,年龄6～12个月,平均8个月.尿道下裂中度5例,重度7例.组织标本取自尿道成形手术时切取的尿道板组织.②对照组为6例年龄匹配的男性患儿,留取包皮环切时的正常表皮组织.用Tri-Reagent分别提取总RNA,与含22 000个人类基因的寡核苷酸基因芯片杂交、洗脱、染色、扫描,基因强度变化行方差分析(ANOVA,P＜0.01)和Tukey分析,基因表达强度变化＞2倍作为有意义的基因,比较尿道下裂和正常组织之间基因表达差异.从上调表达的基因中选择雌激素敏感基因行RT-PCR,标本除上述患儿RNA外,再增加年龄配对的3例中度、1例重度尿道下裂和2例年龄配对的RNA作为对照,即对照、中度和重度尿道下裂患者RNA标本各8例,验证芯片结果.结果 尿道下裂组织与正常组织之间存在明显的基因表达差异,共筛选出表达强度变化＞2倍的基因94个,其中中度尿道下裂与正常比较,47个基因上调表达(P＜0.01);重度尿道下裂与正常比较,68个基因上调表达(P＜0.001);重度与中度比较,17个基因上调表达(P＞0.05).上调表达的基因中发现了4个雌激素敏感基因CYR61、结缔组织生长因子、ATF3和GADD45β,基因芯片和RT-PCR均证实其在尿道下裂组织中的表达明显高于正常对照.结论 异常表达的基因与尿道下裂的发生有关,尿道下裂组织中雌激素敏感基因上调表达参与了尿道下裂的发病机制.     

半导体激光联合药物治疗带状疱疹

目的观察半导体激光联合药物治疗带状疱疹的疗效。方法将97例带状疱疹患者随机分成2组。对照组45例单纯药物治疗(静脉注射5%葡萄糖注射液250 ml加入阿昔洛韦0.5 g,每日2次;本院自制中药冷湿敷患处,每次15 min,每日2次)。治疗组在上述药物治疗基础上加用半导体激光照射受损的神经根部和皮损部位。疗程7 d。结果治疗组与对照组治疗后病情积分均有所下降(P<0.01),治疗组的病情积分下降明显大于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组的疼痛积分明显下降(P<0.01);对照组的疼痛积分无明显下降,治疗组有效率大于对照组,后遗神经痛发生率低于对照组。结论半导体激光联合药物治疗带状疱疹疗效优于单纯药物治疗,且可明显减轻疼痛症状,降低后遗神经痛发生率。     

Cystic fibrosis and the phenotypic expression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Recent experiments in cultured cyst epithelial cells from kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is present in the apical surface of these cells and mediates chloride (Cl-) and fluid secretion in vitro. To determine whether the presence of CF with the expression of mutated CFTR proteins modifies cyst formation in ADPKD, we studied a large family with both inherited diseases. ADPKD in this family is linked to PKD1. The family is composed of 26 members; 11 members with ADPKD, 4 members with CF, and 2 members with both diseases. Renal volumes measured by computerized tomography (CT), calculated creatinine clearances, and other clinical parameters in the family members with ADPKD and CF were compared with those in the family members with ADPKD alone, as well as to a large population of patients with ADPKD. The patients with CF and ADPKD, but not the CF heterozygote carriers with ADPKD, had less severe polycystic kidney and liver disease, as indicated by normal renal function; smaller renal volume, even when corrected for height and body surface area; and the absence of hypertension and liver cysts. These observations suggest that the coexistence of CF may reduce the severity of ADPKD.     

The accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy in trauma patients: a prospective, controlled study

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies advocate the use of diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) for abdominal trauma, but none have documented its ability to diagnose specific injuries. This study tests the hypothesis that DL can accurately identify all significant intra-abdominal injuries in trauma patients. METHODS: Of trauma patients requiring laparotomy for presumed injuries, 47 underwent DL followed by laparotomy. Injuries noted at laparoscopy were compared with those found at laparotomy. RESULTS: Of these, 14 patients had no significant injuries necessitating operative intervention noted at laparoscopy and celiotomy. The remaining 33 patients harbored 93 significant injuries at laparotomy, of which only 57.0% were found by DL. DL possessed poor sensitivity (<50%) for injuries to hollow viscera. Despite DL's poor performance in finding specific injuries, it possessed excellent sensitivity (96.2%), and specificity (100%) for determining the need for therapeutic celiotomy. CONCLUSIONS: DL offers no clear advantage over diagnostic peritoneal lavage and computed tomography in blunt trauma. Its utility lies in assessment of the need for laparotomy in patients with penetrating wounds. Currently, DL cannot consistently identify all abdominal injuries, disqualifying it as a therapeutic tool in abdominal trauma.     

Charcot-Marie-Tooth病患者血清PMP22抗体、IL-6和TNF-α水平的研究

目的检测Charcot-Marie-Tooth(CMT)病患者血清周围髓鞘蛋白22(PMP22)抗体、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,以探讨是否有免疫学机制参与CMT的病理生理过程。方法以人工合成PMP22胞外片段作为多肽抗原,用双抗体酶标法检测9名CMT1A患者和7名CMTX1患者血清PMP22抗体,同时检测IL-6和TNF-α水平;11名吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)患者和20名性别、年龄相匹配的正常人作对照。结果55.6%CMT1A患者和57.1%CMTX1患者PMP22抗体阳性,63.6%GBS患者和10%正常对照PMP22抗体阳性。正常对照组和CMT患者血清IL-6和TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CMT1A患者PMP22抗体阳性与性别、年龄和病程均无关,但在CMTX1家系中,该抗体与性别相关(男性患者阳性),这可能是导致CMTX1家系中男性患者临床症状明显重于女性患者的原因之一。在CMT1A中,PMP22抗体的存在可能是对神经损伤的继发性反应而不是原发性病理过程,在CMTX1家系中存在继发性的免疫过程。此症可能不存在细胞因子介导的免疫损害。     

武警某机动部队幽门螺杆菌感染情况的调查分析

  目的 了解武警某机动部队官兵幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染情况及其影响因素。 方法 随机抽取武警某总队机动部队官兵912名,填写一般情况问卷调查表,采用¹³C呼气试验进行Hp检测,对感染者相关因素进行统计学分析。 结果 912名受检官兵Hp感染率为56.5%,其中<20、20~30、≥30年龄组Hp感染率分别为53.2%,56.1%和64.5%,三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大学及大学以上文化程度Hp感染率为30.4%,明显低于高中及以下文化程度的62.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。40.7%的干部感染了幽门螺杆菌,明显低于战士的58.1%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。入伍前居住城市者与居住农村者感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 武警机动部队Hp感染率高于国内平均水平,文化程度、职务因素及其入伍前居住环境对Hp感染有明显的影响。