薄荷油β-环糊精包合物的制备研究

目的：研究β-环糊精包合薄荷油的最佳工艺。方法：采用正交试验法，以挥发油包合率为指标。结果：优选出最佳包合工艺为：薄荷油：β-环糊精=1：8，包合温度45℃，包合时间1．5h，薄荷油无需稀释，挥发油包合率为86．O％。结论：该法适合大生产。     

磷脂聚合物在医药学中的应用

目的在简介磷脂的基础上 ,概括了磷脂类似物和磷脂聚合物的合成方法及其在医药领域中的应用。方法在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上 ,进行分析、整理和归纳。结果磷脂聚合物的合成方法已经发展的比较成熟 ,但是在医药方面的应用主要限于磷脂聚合物型脂质体、聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰型脂质体和磷脂修饰型聚合物。结论具有两亲性和生物相容性的磷脂及其聚合物在医药领域具有广泛的发展前景     

水和非水毛细管电泳-电导检测法分离测定水杨酸类药物

目的建立水和非水毛细管电泳-电导法分离水杨酸类药物。方法用未涂层石英毛细管柱(55 cm×50 μm),以10 mmol·L^-1 Tris-30 mmol·L^-1 H₃BO₃(pH 8.0)为运行缓冲液,分离电压为24 kV,进样时间10 s,电导检测法。结果在非水实验条件下,水杨酸(SA)、乙酰水杨酸(ASA)和磺基水杨酸(SSA)得到很好的分离。SA,ASA和SSA的线性范围分别为0.05～100 mg·L^-1,5.0～250 mg·L^-1,0.08～100 mg·L^-1,r均大于0.995。结论应用于阿斯匹林制剂中水杨酸和乙酰水杨酸含量的测定,结果令人满意。与水介质相比,乙醇介质具有更高的灵敏度和分离效率。     

介入化疗与保肢手术治疗软组织肉瘤

目的研究术前动脉介入化疗与手术治疗肢体软组织肉瘤。方法21例肢体软组织肉瘤，其中13例(62％)术前影像学显示肿瘤邻近大血管或骨骼侵犯，采用股动脉及肱动脉插管，化疗2—3周后，施行肿瘤切除及保留肢体功能的手术。结果介入化疗后病理检查，肿瘤有不同程度的坏死，体积缩小，周围水肿浸润带减少，肿瘤与邻近组织术中易分离，术后随访6—62个月，患肢功能基本正常。结论对四肢软组织肉瘤侵犯大血管、骨骼者，术前动脉介入化疗可提高切除率，降低局部复发及保存患肢。     

Local secretion of a chimeric anti-CD4 antibody protects against graft rejection in the NOD mouse

BACKGROUND: Engineering a graft to secrete its own immunosuppressive antibodies may minimize the risks associated with current high dose systemic immunosuppression. METHODS AND RESULTS: A beta cell insulinoma cell line (NIT-1) was transfected with genes encoding a chimeric anti-CD4 antibody. The NIT-1 cells secreted functional chimeric anti-CD4 antibody that bound to the CD4 molecule on mouse thymocytes and inhibited in vitro proliferation of CD4+ve T cells. Both test and control transfected cell lines grew at a similar rate in immunodeficient mice. In immunocompetent NOD mice, NIT-1 cells are normally rejected by a cellular immune response against the SV40 T antigen. Although control transfected NIT-1 cells were rapidly rejected by NOD mice, anti-CD4 secreting NIT-1 cells grew significantly better and were able to form tumors at the site of injection. CONCLUSIONS: The local secretion of chimeric anti-CD4 antibody from transfected cells can contribute to graft survival in our transplantation model.     

小肾细胞癌的超声诊断

目的 分析小肾癌的超声声像图表现及特征,评价超声诊断的临床应用价值。方法收集我院1987年1月～2002年4月超声诊断并经手术病理证实的79例肾细胞癌患者的临床资料。结果 79例小肾癌(≤3 cm)瘤体内回声相对比较均匀,表现为混合性回声、或伴有钙化形成者较少。彩色多普勒检查显示瘤内血流信号分布差异较大,大部分血流信号丰富。结论 超声诊断可较全面评估小肾癌的部位、大小、病变性质,对周围组织的侵犯,有无静脉、淋巴结转移及远处转移灶。     

硬膜外自控镇痛对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响

目的　观察上腹部手术患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛 (PCEA)对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期胆囊切除手术患者 38例 ,随机分为PCEA组和对照组 ,每组各 19例。以原子吸收分光光度法检测患者术前、术后 1d、2d、3d、5d血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量。结果　PCEA组术后各时点血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量与术前相比变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而对照组术后 1、2、3d锌水平较手术前明显下降(P <0 0 1) ,术后 1、2d铁、镁水平明显下降 ,两组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。两组血清铜水平在各时点及组间均未见有统计学意义的变化。结论　术后PCEA可减轻应激反应 ,稳定微量元素水平 ,有利于患者的康复。     

三七总皂苷抗大鼠心肌肥大的作用及其神经机制

目的　探讨三七总皂苷 (PNS)抗腹主动脉缩窄大鼠压力超负荷性心肌肥大的神经机制。方法　①用腹主动脉缩窄法建立心肌肥大模型 ,将大鼠分为假手术对照组、腹主动脉缩窄组及低、中、高剂量组 ,3个剂量组分别每日腹腔注射5 0、10 0和 15 0mgPNS·kg-1。 3wk后处死大鼠检测全心重量/体重 (HW/BW )、左室重量指数 (LVI) ,左心室组织切片HE染色后测心肌纤维直径 (MD)。②细胞内生物电记录技术观察PNS对大鼠星状神经节 (SG)的快兴奋性突触后电位 (f EPSP)、膜电位、膜电阻及对外源性乙酰胆碱引起的膜除极化反应的影响。结果　①高剂量组的HW /BW、LVI及MD显著低于缩窄组 ,P <0 0 1;中剂量组与缩窄组比较MD显著降低 ,P <0 0 5 ;低剂量组与缩窄组比较 ,HW/BW ,LVI和MD三项指标均无显著的变化。②PNS在 0 10～ 0 16g·L-1浓度范围内可使大鼠星状神经节f EPSP可逆性减小 ,PNS还可拮抗高钙对f EPSP的易化作用 ,但对膜电位、膜电阻及外源性ACh引起的膜除极反应无显著的影响。结论　PNS对f EPSP的抑制可能是其抗压力超负荷性心肌肥大的神经机制 ,而抑制作用则是通过突触前机制产生 ,且与拮抗Ca2 + 内流有关。     

Le syndrome de Smith-Magenis

Smith-Magenis syndrome is caused by a 17p11.2 deletion. It associates mental retardation, facial dysmorphism and brachydactyly; aberrant behavior and major sleep problems are present in 70% of the cases. It is probably under-diagnosed because the facial abnormalities are mild and the behavioral problems with hyperactivity and self-injuries are dominant, leading to the diagnosis of psychiatric pathology. However these behavioral problems are sufficiently characterized to allow the diagnosis of the syndrome and look for a 17p11.2 microdeletion. Otorhinolaryngologic, ophtalmologic, cardiac and renal abnormalities can be associated and their evaluation is necessary. Smith-Magenis syndrome is considered as a contiguous gene syndrome. Genes have been mapped and isolated to the critical region, but their participation in the pathogenesis of the syndrome remains unclear.     

Use of a computerised maternity information system to improve clinical effectiveness: thromboprophylaxis at caesarean section

An audit of the introduction of a protocol for thromboprophylaxis at caesarean section revealed over treatment of low risk women and the under treatment of high risk women. A routine computer generated risk assessment profile was introduced as part of a maternity information system. Reaudit showed a significant improvement in adherence to the thromboprophylaxis protocol in all risk groups.