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Hren D Vujaklija A Ivanisević R Knezević J Marusić M Marusić A 《Medical education》2006,40(3):269-277
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between psychological constructs related to professional and research integrity and moral reasoning among medical students. METHODS: Medical students, 2nd-year (n = 208, 85.6% of 243 enrolled students), answered the moral reasoning test-defining issues test 2 (DIT2) and the Machiavellianism and Paulhus socially desirable responding (SDR) scales. RESULTS: Students had the highest score on the post-conventional schema of moral reasoning (mean +/- standard deviation, 35.2 +/- 11.6 of a possible 95) compared with personal interest (27.2 +/- 12.3) and maintaining norms schemae (29.2 +/- 11.5; P < 0.001, repeated-measures anova). Female students scored higher than their male collegues on post-conventional moral reasoning (37.6 +/- 11.0 versus 31.2 +/- 22.4, P < 0.001, independent-sample t-test). Of all 4 Machiavellianism subscales students scored highest on deceiving, where female students scored higher than their male colleagues (24.5 +/- 4.2 versus 22.9 +/- 5.1 of a possible 30; P = 0.037, independent-sample t-test). Female students also scored higher on the impression management subscale, whereas their male colleagues scored higher on the self-deception subscale of the Paulhus SDR scale. Moral reasoning scores were associated with cynicism, deceiving and flattering Machiavellianism scores, but not with Paulhus SDR scores. Multiple regression analysis showed the Machiavellianism amorality score as a significant negative predictor (beta = -0.183, P = 0.017) and female sex as a positive predictor (beta = 0.291, P < 0.001) for the post-conventional schema score on the DIT2. The Machiavellianism flattering score was a significant negative predictor for the personal interest schema score (beta = -0.215, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Although moral reasoning is generally seen as independent of variables related to personality, our study indicated that Machiavellianism, especially its amorality and flattering subscales, were associated with moral reasoning. These results have important implications for teaching ethics and the responsible conduct of research in different cultural and socio-economic settings. 相似文献
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We have studied the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking
agents, at concentrations present in serum during anaesthesia, on release
of [3H]-norepinephrine ([3H]NE) from superfused atrial appendage obtained
during cardiac surgery from 48 patients. Three of the neuromuscular
blocking agents (pancuronium, gallamine and rocuronium), which are known to
cause an increase in heart rate during anaesthesia, increased
stimulation-evoked release of [3H]NE. In contrast, (+)tubocurarine and
pipecuronium, neuromuscular blocking agents that do not cause tachycardia,
did not affect release of NE. Org 9487 significantly enhanced release while
SZ1677 was ineffective, even at concentrations higher than those expected
after administration of a 2 x ED95 dose. Atropine enhanced release. These
data suggest that the axon terminals of sympathetic nerves in human heart
have muscarinic heteroreceptors whose activation by acetylcholine (ACh)
released from the vagal nerve reduces release of NE. This action
contributes to lowering of heart rate. Therefore, any neuromuscular
blocking agent with antimuscarinic actions and capable of increasing the
release of NE may produce tachycardia.
相似文献
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Vladimir Stevanovic Irena Tabain Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Maja Mauric Maljkovic Iva Benvin Zeljka Hruskar Snjezana Kovac Iva Smit Gorana Miletic Suzana Hadina Vilim Staresina Lada Radin Valentina Plichta Branimir Skrlin Zoran Vrbanac Mirna Brkljacic Marija Cvetnic Josipa Habus Kresimir Martinkovic Iva Zecevic Gabrijela Jurkic Ivana Ferencak Zinka Stritof Matko Perharic Lovro Bucic Ljubo Barbic 《Viruses》2021,13(8)
Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was investigated in two dog populations. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralising antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, samples for viral isolation and PCR were unavailable. Still, seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms. 相似文献
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