全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10307篇 |
免费 | 516篇 |
国内免费 | 77篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 114篇 |
儿科学 | 193篇 |
妇产科学 | 66篇 |
基础医学 | 1402篇 |
口腔科学 | 222篇 |
临床医学 | 620篇 |
内科学 | 2712篇 |
皮肤病学 | 230篇 |
神经病学 | 844篇 |
特种医学 | 281篇 |
外科学 | 1865篇 |
综合类 | 34篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 349篇 |
眼科学 | 178篇 |
药学 | 625篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1148篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 69篇 |
2022年 | 120篇 |
2021年 | 223篇 |
2020年 | 104篇 |
2019年 | 141篇 |
2018年 | 192篇 |
2017年 | 143篇 |
2016年 | 188篇 |
2015年 | 212篇 |
2014年 | 291篇 |
2013年 | 320篇 |
2012年 | 539篇 |
2011年 | 519篇 |
2010年 | 362篇 |
2009年 | 299篇 |
2008年 | 600篇 |
2007年 | 596篇 |
2006年 | 628篇 |
2005年 | 634篇 |
2004年 | 631篇 |
2003年 | 644篇 |
2002年 | 658篇 |
2001年 | 261篇 |
2000年 | 236篇 |
1999年 | 215篇 |
1998年 | 137篇 |
1997年 | 122篇 |
1996年 | 119篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 88篇 |
1992年 | 123篇 |
1991年 | 145篇 |
1990年 | 111篇 |
1989年 | 135篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 98篇 |
1986年 | 68篇 |
1985年 | 67篇 |
1984年 | 62篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 38篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1974年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 33篇 |
1972年 | 34篇 |
1971年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 388 毫秒
101.
Yasuni Nakanuma Goroku Ohta Haruo Takeshita Yoshikiyo Yamazaki Kenji Doishita Masaru Shimizu 《Pathology international》1983,33(6):1095-1104
Intrahepatic biliary tree with either florid duct lesions or a moderate to severe degree of the duct loss in four livers with chronic hepatic diseases other than primary biliary cirrhosis were studied with histometric and serial section observations. Florid duct lesions, distributed segmentally in the liver, were found in one case with incomplete septal cirrhosis and one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. The florid duct lesions including marked plasma cell infiltration and occasional periductal granulomas, were not associated with any bile duct loss in the two cases. The duct lesions were reversible in one case during a long clinical course. On the other hand, a moderate to severe bile duct loss with biliary epithelial degeneration and necrosis was associated with no or little periductal inflammatory cell infiltration in one other case with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, probably drug-induced, and in one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. Although florid duct lesions and bile duct loss were important diagnostic features of primary biliary cirrhosis, one of them was observed to develop independently in severely diseased livers, not consistent with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic bile duct paucity syndrome. 相似文献
102.
Increased peripheral blood Ia positive T cells and their effect on autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in chronic active liver disease.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
K Fukui S Kakumu H Murakami J Kuriki K Yoshioka N Sakamoto 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1984,58(1):90-96
We measured Ia antigen bearing peripheral blood T cells, as an index of immunological stimulation, of patients with chronic active liver diseases (CALD) by the rosette assay method. We also examined the role of Ia antigen which represents the products of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex on the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) since this reaction may reflect self regulation of immune responses. The percentages of Ia positive T cells of 29 patients with CALD (17.1 +/- 4.3%, P less than 0.001) and of 12 patients with other liver diseases (12.9 +/- 2.4%, P less than 0.05) were increased when compared with that of normal individuals (10.7 +/- 2.0%). However, levels of Ia positive T cells activated by phytohaemagglutinin-P in patients with CALD and other liver diseases did not differ from normal subjects. Ia positive cells in OKT8 positive cells were markedly elevated (P less than 0.001), whereas those in OKT4 positive cells were decreased (P less than 0.01) in CALD. The impaired values for the AMLR correlated inversely (P less than 0.01) with the increased percentages of Ia positive T cells in patients with CALD. Further analysis showed that there was no suppression of the proliferation of Ia and OKT4 positive cells by Ia and OKT8 positive cells although the culture of increasing numbers of Ia and OKT8 positive cells and decreasing numbers of Ia and OKT4 positive cells gave a lesser AMLR value. These data suggest that the increase in Ia positive T cells and the alteration of Ia positive cells in the T cell subsets reflect an activation of immune system and provide further evidence in favour of an abnormality of the immunoregulatory system in CALD. 相似文献
103.
Effects of ruthenium red on membrane ionic currents in urinary bladder smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Masaru Hirano Y. Imaizumi Katsuhiko Muraki A. Yamada Minoru Watanabe 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1998,435(5):645-653
Three major ionic currents, Ca2+-dependent K+ current (I
K-Ca), delayed rectifier type K+ current (I
kd) and Ca2+ current (I
Ca), were activated by depolarization under whole-cell clamp in single smooth muscle cells isolated from guinea-pig urinary
bladder. Externally applied ruthenium red (RuR) reduced the amplitude of I
K-Ca and I
Ca at 0 mV (IC50 values were 4.2 and 5.6 μM, respectively), but did not affect I
Kd. Spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and caffeine-induced outward currents (I
caf) at –30 mV were reduced by external 10 μM RuR. When 10 μM RuR was added to the pipette solution, I
K-Ca during depolarization, STOCs and I
caf significantly decreased with time. RuR did not change the unitary current amplitude of the large-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ (BK) channels, but reduced the open probability of the channel under excised patch-clamp recording mode. RuR reduced the
channel activity more effectively from the cytosolic face than from the other. This inhibition decreased when the cytosolic
Ca2+ concentration was increased. These results indicate that RuR blocks BK and Ca2+ channels in urinary bladder smooth muscle cells. The decrease in I
K-Ca, STOCs and I
caf by RuR is attributable to the direct inhibition of BK channel activity, probably in addition to the inhibition of Ca2+ release from storage sites. The direct inhibition of BK channel activity by RuR may be related to the interaction of RuR
with the Ca2+-binding sites of the channel protein.
Received: 15 October 1997 / Received after revision and accepted: 25 November 1997 相似文献
104.
Tsutao Takeshita Yoshinori Fukui Ken Yamamoto Kazuaki Yamane Takeshi Inamitsu Nobuhiro Kamikawaji Takehiko Sasazuki 《Journal of human genetics》1997,42(1):225-232
Summary CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6(B6) mice show cytotoxicity to B cell blasts prepared from syngeneic transgenic mice expressing HLA-DQ6
molecules in a mouse MHC class I H-2Db restricted manner. Although these results suggest that CD8+ T cells recognize peptides derived from DQ6 molecule bound to H-2Db on target cells, no direct evidence so far has been obtained. To clarify this, we synthesized 23 peptides corresponding to
DQ6α orβ chain and carrying the motifs of Db-binding peptides, and examined their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in the CD8+ T cell line. We show here that DQA1-2, one of these peptides, induced cytotoxicity of the CD8+ T cells when this peptide was pulsed to H-2Db expressing target cells, as efficiently as HLA-DQ6 expressing target cells did. Thus, our results suggest that DQA1-2 can
be naturally processed from DQ6 molecules and recognized by the CD8+ T cells in the context of H-2Db molecules. These results suggest that allogeneic HLA class II molecules are involved in the rejection not only as the ligand
for T cell receptor of alloreactive CD4+ T cells but also as self-peptides bound to HLA class I molecules recognized by CD8+ T cells. 相似文献
105.
Masaru Enomoto Akihiro Tamori Madoka Toyama Kohmoto Takehiro Hayashi Hisato Jomura Daiki Habu Hiroki Sakaguchi Tadashi Takeda Norifumi Kawada Shuichi Seki Susumu Shiomi Noritoshi Koh Shuhei Nishiguchi 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2007,27(3):201-207
Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon (IFN) has induced sustained biochemical and virologic responses in the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis B in France. However, the efficacy of sequential treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C infection has not been evaluated. Twenty-four HBe antigen-positive patients were treated with 100 mg lamivudine alone for 16-32 weeks, then with both 6 MU IFN-beta and lamivudine for 4 weeks, and lastly with IFN-beta alone for 20 weeks. Sustained response was achieved in 7 (29%) patients 24 weeks after the end of therapy. No lamivudine-resistant variants emerged in any patient. Hepatitis flare occurred in 3 patients after the withdrawal of lamivudine, but none had decompensation. The patients with sustained response were significantly younger at baseline (p = 0.033) and had a significantly lower HBV DNA level at the start of IFN (p = 0.020) than those without sustained response. In conclusion, the rate of response to sequential therapy with lamivudine and IFN in HBe antigen-positive patients with HBV genotype C infection was lower than the rate reported previously. Patients who were young or who had a favorable virologic response to lamivudine were more likely to have a sustained response. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Qunn L Takemura T Ikushima S Ando T Yanagawa T Akiyama O Oritsu M Tanaka N Kuroki T 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2002,441(3):271-278
Seventy-two cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were examined from 2856 consecutive autopsy cases at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center in Tokyo from 1973-1996. Primary lung cancer had arisen in 31 of 72 cases of IPF (43%), significantly higher than the incidence in cases without IPF (8.1%) and in the cases with non-IPF chronic lung diseases (11.9%). Hyperplastic epithelial foci in the honeycomb lesions of IPF cases were significantly more prominent in the lower than in the upper lobe, in cases with or without lung cancer, and they were more prominent in the lower lobe of IPF with than in those without cancer. The length of hyperplastic epithelial foci in the lower lobe of IPF cases was longer than that in interstitial pneumonia-associated with collagen vascular diseases. There was a higher PCNA labeling index of hyperplastic epithelial foci in IPF cases than in cases of interstitial pneumonia-associated with collagen vascular diseases. The PCNA labeling index was almost the same between smokers and nonsmokers with IPF. Overexpression of p53 was observed in hyperplastic epithelial foci in honeycomb lesion of IPF. DNA ploidy analysis of hyperplastic epithelial foci in the paraffin sections of 12 IPF cases revealed aneuploidy patterns in eight cases. These results strongly suggest that accelerated cell proliferation occurs in the honeycomb lesion of IPF, and that regenerative epithelia becomes susceptible to carcinogenic agents in addition to the smoking effect. 相似文献
109.
Murata K Inami M Hasegawa A Kubo S Kimura M Yamashita M Hosokawa H Nagao T Suzuki K Hashimoto K Shinkai H Koseki H Taniguchi M Ziegler SF Nakayama T 《International immunology》2003,15(8):987-992
CD69, known as an early activation marker antigen on T and B cells, is also expressed on platelets and activated neutrophils, suggesting certain roles in inflammatory diseases. In order to address the role of CD69 in the pathogenesis of arthritis, we established CD69-null mice. CD69-null mice displayed a markedly attenuated arthritic inflammatory response when injected with anti-type II collagen antibodies. Cell transfer experiments with neutrophils, but not T cells or spleen cells, from wild-type mice into CD69-null mice restored the induction of arthritis. These results indicate a critical role for CD69 in neutrophil function in arthritis induction during the effector phase. Thus, CD69 would be a possible therapeutic target for arthritis in human patients. 相似文献
110.
Inferring alternative splicing patterns in mouse from a full-length cDNA library and microarray data
Kochiwa H Suzuki R Washio T Saito R Bono H Carninci P Okazaki Y Miki R Hayashizaki Y Tomita M;RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group Phase II Team 《Genome research》2002,12(8):1286-1293
Although many studies on alternative splicing of specific genes have been reported in the literature, the general mechanism that regulates alternative splicing has not been clearly understood. In this study, we systematically aligned each pair of the 21,076 cDNA sequences of Mus musculus, searched for putative alternative splicing patterns, and constructed a list of potential alternative splicing sites. Two cDNAs are suspected to be alternatively spliced and originating from a common gene if they share most of their region with a high degree of sequence homology, but parts of the sequences are very distinctive or deleted in either cDNA. The list contains the following information: (1) tissue, (2) developmental stage, (3) sequences around splice sites, (4) the length of each gapped region, and (5) other comments. The list is available at http://www.bioinfo.sfc.keio.ac.jp/intron. Our results have predicted a number of unreported alternatively spliced genes, some of which are expressed only in a specific tissue or at a specific developmental stage. 相似文献