全文获取类型
收费全文 | 158191篇 |
免费 | 10386篇 |
国内免费 | 783篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1434篇 |
儿科学 | 4052篇 |
妇产科学 | 2858篇 |
基础医学 | 21547篇 |
口腔科学 | 3518篇 |
临床医学 | 15130篇 |
内科学 | 33970篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3023篇 |
神经病学 | 15337篇 |
特种医学 | 6264篇 |
外国民族医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 23432篇 |
综合类 | 1918篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 140篇 |
预防医学 | 11495篇 |
眼科学 | 3277篇 |
药学 | 10821篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 249篇 |
肿瘤学 | 10885篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 846篇 |
2022年 | 1285篇 |
2021年 | 2906篇 |
2020年 | 2009篇 |
2019年 | 2932篇 |
2018年 | 3552篇 |
2017年 | 2740篇 |
2016年 | 3143篇 |
2015年 | 3644篇 |
2014年 | 5189篇 |
2013年 | 7038篇 |
2012年 | 10888篇 |
2011年 | 11528篇 |
2010年 | 6537篇 |
2009年 | 6270篇 |
2008年 | 10553篇 |
2007年 | 11250篇 |
2006年 | 10725篇 |
2005年 | 10963篇 |
2004年 | 10401篇 |
2003年 | 9817篇 |
2002年 | 9217篇 |
2001年 | 1528篇 |
2000年 | 1141篇 |
1999年 | 1648篇 |
1998年 | 2184篇 |
1997年 | 1687篇 |
1996年 | 1467篇 |
1995年 | 1342篇 |
1994年 | 1174篇 |
1993年 | 1140篇 |
1992年 | 789篇 |
1991年 | 804篇 |
1990年 | 625篇 |
1989年 | 609篇 |
1988年 | 563篇 |
1987年 | 578篇 |
1986年 | 516篇 |
1985年 | 542篇 |
1984年 | 645篇 |
1983年 | 575篇 |
1982年 | 768篇 |
1981年 | 712篇 |
1980年 | 611篇 |
1979年 | 370篇 |
1978年 | 377篇 |
1977年 | 404篇 |
1976年 | 345篇 |
1975年 | 296篇 |
1974年 | 254篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Uwe Schneider PhD Antony Lomax Peter Pemler Jürgen Besserer Dieter Ross Norbert Lombriser Barbara Kaser-Hotz 《Strahlentherapie und Onkologie》2006,182(11):647-652
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is concern about the increase of radiation-induced malignancies with the application of modern radiation treatment techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton radiotherapy. Therefore, X-ray scatter and neutron radiation as well as the impact of the primary dose distribution on secondary cancer incidence are analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The organ equivalent dose (OED) concept with a linear-exponential and a plateau dose-response curve was applied to dose distributions of 30 patients who received radiation therapy of prostate cancer. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was used in eleven patients, another eleven patients received IMRT with 6-MV photons, and eight patients were treated with spot-scanned protons. The treatment plans were recalculated with 15-MV and 18-MV photons. Secondary cancer risk was estimated based on the OED for the different treatment techniques. RESULTS: A modest increase of 15% radiation-induced cancer results from IMRT using low energies (6 MV), compared to conventional four-field planning with 15-MV photons (plateau dose-response: 1%). The probability to develop a secondary cancer increases with IMRT of higher energies by 20% and 60% for 15 MV and 18 MV, respectively (plateau dose-response: 2% and 30%). The use of spot-scanned protons can reduce secondary cancer incidence as much as 50% (independent of dose-response). CONCLUSION: By including the primary dose distribution into the analysis of radiation-induced cancer incidence, the resulting increase in risk for secondary cancer using modern treatment techniques such as IMRT is not as dramatic as expected from earlier studies. By using 6-MV photons, only a moderate risk increase is expected. Spot-scanned protons are the treatment of choice in regard to secondary cancer incidence. 相似文献
22.
A method is presented for 3D MRI in an extended field of view (FOV) based on continuous motion of the patient table and an efficient acquisition scheme. A gradient-echo MR pulse sequence is applied with lateral (left-right (L/R)) frequency-encoding direction and slab selection along the direction of motion. Compensation for the table motion is achieved by a combination of slab tracking and data alignment in hybrid space. The method allows fast k-space coverage to be achieved, especially when a short sampling FOV is chosen along the direction of table motion, as is desirable for good image quality. The method can be incorporated into different acquisitions schemes, including segmented k-space scanning, which allows for contrast variation with the use of magnetization preparation. Head-to-toe images of volunteers were obtained with good quality using 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequences. As an example of magnetization-prepared imaging, fat/water separated images were acquired using chemical shift selective (CHESS) presaturation pulses. 相似文献
23.
Peter G. Danias Thomas H. Hauser George Katsimaglis Rene M. Botnar Warren J. Manning 《Herz》2003,15(4):90-98
Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) is a technique in clinical evolution. Current clinical applications include assessment for coronary anomalies, aneurysms, bypass graft patency, and, in experienced centers, the exclusion of proximal and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). As local expertise increases and more extensive multicenter data become available, additional applications will be established. CMRA promises to supplement and in some cases obviate the need for X-ray contrast angiography, and to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of CAD. Zusammenfassung Die Magnetresonanzangiographie der Koronargefäße (CMRA) ist eine sich ständig weiterentwickelnde Technik. Etablierte Anwendungen sind zurzeit die Beurteilung von koronaren Anomalien, Aneurysmen und der Durchgängigkeit von Bypasses. Auch der Ausschluss proximaler Koronarstenosen und einer koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung ist in einigen spezialisierten Zentren möglich. Mit zunehmender Erfahrung der jeweiligen Anwender und der Verfügbarkeit von Ergebnissen großer multizentrischer Studien können zukünftig weitere klinische Anwendungen etabliert werden. In der Zukunft könnte die CMRA ergänzende Informationen zur Indikationsstellung einer konventionellen Röntgenangiographie bringen und in einigen Fällen diese Untersuchung sogar ersetzen. Die CMRA wird unseren Einblick in die Pathophysiologie der koronaren Herzerkrankung sicher erweitern. 相似文献
24.
Mark W Woolrich Peter Chiarelli Daniel Gallichan Joanna Perthen Thomas T Liu 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2006,56(4):891-906
The study of brain function using MRI relies on acquisition techniques that are sensitive to different aspects of the hemodynamic response contiguous to areas of neuronal activity. For this purpose different contrasts such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI techniques have been developed to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation, respectively. Analysis of such data typically proceeds by separate, linear modeling of the appropriate CBF or BOLD time courses. In this work an approach is developed that provides simultaneous inference on hemodynamic changes via a nonlinear physiological model of ASL data acquired at multiple echo times. Importantly, this includes a significant contribution by changes in the static magnetization, M, to the ASL signal. Inference is carried out in a Bayesian framework. This is able to extract, from dual-echo ASL data, probabilistic estimates of percentage changes of CBF, R(2) (*), and the static magnetization, M. This approach provides increased sensitivity in inferring CBF changes and reduced contamination in inferring BOLD changes when compared with general linear model approaches on single-echo ASL data. We also consider how the static magnetization, M, might be related to changes in CBV by assuming the same mechanism for water exchange as in vascular space occupancy. 相似文献
25.
Attila Szalmas Peter Bodrogi Cecilia Sik-Lanyi 《Ophthalmic & physiological optics》2006,26(3):281-287
The objective of this study is to test the luminous efficiency functions V(lambda), V'(lambda), V(10)(lambda) and their linear combinations on the basis of a data set gained from a simulated mesopic night-time driving experiment. Another aim is to provide 'real-world' data for the 'X framework' or 'linear combination model', and to find out its limits in a practical situation. Human performance was measured by the reaction time method. Results show that the single parameter of the linear combination of photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency functions can be determined analytically with little variation for a given mesopic background luminance level and a given visual target colour, but the computation leads to considerable deviations comparing all three target colours (red, green and blue) used in the experiment. The conclusion for the given experimental conditions is that the single parameter of the linear combination model has an increasing deviation for lower background luminance levels. 相似文献
26.
Zusammenfassung Diese Studie untersucht, wie Erfolg im Einzelcoaching entsteht und was Psychodrama dazu beitragen kann. Dabei werden zun?chst
die vier Berner Wirkfaktoren dargestellt, die im Rahmen einer allgemeinen psychologischen Coachingkonzeption die vier m?glichen
Erfolgsstrategien darstellen. über Videoauswertung und schriftliche Befragung aller Beteiligten wurden 35 Einzelsitzungen
evaluiert. Dabei zeigten sich die vier Wirkfaktoren tats?chlich als elementar in kurz- und mittelfristig erfolgreichen Coachingprozessen.
In dem experimentellen Vergleich wurde das psychodramatische Coaching zudem wesentlich besser bewertet als das Vergleichscoaching,
was durch den Ressourcen- und Wachstumsfokus sowie die sehr gute Beziehungskompetenz der Psychodramatiker erkl?rt werden kann.
Des Weiteren zeigen die Auswertungen, dass ein dosierter und gezielter Einsatz des psychodramatischen Methodenrepertoires
fruchtbarer zu sein scheint als der zeitlich umfassende Einsatz des Psychodramas als Hauptinterventionsmethode.
Peter Behrendt geb. 1977, Dipl. Psych., ausgebildeter Psychodrama-Therapeut und Mediator, seit 2004 freiberuflich Coaching, Moderation sowie Konzeption und Durchführung von Fortbildung und Trainings. Er konzipierte und leitete die Evaluationsstudie, die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegt. 相似文献
Summary The present study investigates the process of success development in one-to-one-coaching and examines how the method of psychodrama can contribute to this process. First the four change factors are presented. They represent the four success strategies in a general psychological coaching approach that can be chosen by the coach. Second 35 one-to-one-coaching sessions are evaluated by a video-based rating-system and questionnaires that were filled in by all coaches, clients and employees of the clients. In these analyses the four change factors were shown to be critical for short- and medium-term success. In an experimentally designed assessment the psychodramatic coachings had a considerably better result than the comparative coaching. This outcome could be explained by the focus on resources and growth and the high competence of the psychodramatic coaches to set up an appreciative coaching relationship. The analyses demonstrate furthermore that the well-aimed and specific use of psychodrama methods is more fruitful than its time-extensive use as the main intervention method.
Peter Behrendt geb. 1977, Dipl. Psych., ausgebildeter Psychodrama-Therapeut und Mediator, seit 2004 freiberuflich Coaching, Moderation sowie Konzeption und Durchführung von Fortbildung und Trainings. Er konzipierte und leitete die Evaluationsstudie, die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegt. 相似文献
27.
28.
We report on 4 children who experienced a syncopal episode while being treated with guanfacine without any other evident cause. Syncope appears to be an uncommon side effect of guanfacine and is probably due to drug-induced hypotension or bradycardia. 相似文献
29.
Prevalence of H pylori associated 'high risk gastritis' for development of gastric cancer in patients with normal endoscopic findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andreas Leodolter Matthias P Ebert Ulrich Peitz Kathlen Wolle Stefan Kahl Peter Malfertheiner 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2006,(34)
INTRODUCTION H pylori infection is an established risk factor for development of gastric cancer[1,2]. According to the model of carcinogenesis of the intestinal type adenocarcinoma proposed by Correa, the multi-step development starts from the condition o… 相似文献
30.
Steve Vucic Kevin D Cairns Kristin R Black Peter Siao Tick Chong Didier Cros 《Clinical neurophysiology》2006,117(2):392-397
OBJECTIVE: Cervical nerve root stimulation (CRS) is a technique of assessing the proximal segments of motor axons destined to upper extremity muscles. Few studies report normal values. The objective was to determine CMAP onset-latencies and CMAP amplitude, area, and duration changes in healthy controls for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), biceps, and riceps muscles. In addition, to determine the tolerability of CRS, as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). METHODS: We studied 21 healthy volunteers prospectively with CRS using four target muscles (APB, ADM, biceps, and triceps) bilaterally. Collision studies were used in all APB recordings. VAS was obtained in all subjects. RESULTS: Mean CMAP onset-latencies were: APB 14 +/- 1.5 ms; ADM 14.2 +/- 1.5 ms; biceps 5.4 +/- 0.6 ms; triceps 5.4 +/- 1.0 ms. Onset-latency significantly correlated with height for all nerves. The mean change in CMAP amplitude and area (%) between most distal stimulation and CRS was: APB reduction of 15.1 +/- 11.6 and 4.9 +/- 3.6%; ADM reduction of 21.1 +/- 10.7 and 17.2 +/- 8.8; biceps reduction of 10 +/- 11.5 and reduction of 8.7 +/- 6.8; triceps increase of 3.3 +/- 5.2 and 11.0 +/- 9.9% respectively. Mean CMAP duration change between most distal stimulation and CRS was: APB, increase of 20.4 +/- 7.4%; ADM, increase of 14.4 +/- 8.5%; biceps, increase of 13.9 +/- 10.8%; triceps, increase of 7.7 +/- 6.7%. The mean VAS score was 3.8 +/- 1.2, and all subjects completed the study. CONCLUSIONS: The present study establishes normative data and indicates that CRS is a well-tolerated technique. SIGNIFICANCE: The normal values may be used as reference data for the needle CRS technique in the assessment of proximal conduction abnormalities. 相似文献