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de Tommaso M Fiore P Camporeale A Guido M Libro G Losito L Megna M Puca F Megna G 《Neuroscience letters》2003,342(1-2):17-20
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) on CO(2) laser evoked potentials (LEPs) in 16 normal subjects. The volar side of the forearm was stimulated by 10 Hz TENS in eight subjects and by 100 Hz TENS in the remainder; the skin of the forearm was stimulated by CO(2) laser and the LEPs were recorded in basal conditions and soon after and 15 min after TENS. Both low and high frequency TENS significantly reduced the subjective rating of heat stimuli and the LEPs amplitude, although high frequency TENS appeared more efficacious. TENS seemed to exert a mild inhibition of the perception and processing of pain induced by laser Adelta fibres activation; the implications of these effects in the clinical employment of TENS remain to be clarified. 相似文献
23.
Leptin, a peptide hormone normally associated with body weight homeostasis, is implicated in the generation of obesity-induced hypertension. Administration of leptin increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure; however, the neural circuity involved in this pressor effect is not clearly defined. In this review we describe experiments in which pseudorabies virus was injected into the heart, kidney and the vasculature within skeletal muscle to reveal the distribution of neurones in the hypothalamus that project to these cardiovascular tissues. This distribution is compared to the well-documented distribution of leptin receptors. Finally we discuss microinjection studies designed to examine the effect of leptin, in these regions, on sympathetic nerve discharge and arterial blood pressure. Leptin injected directly into the ventromedial hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area (particularly the perifornical area) increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity. In addition, microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamus and parvocellular paraventricular nucleus increased blood pressure. Our results demonstrate a discrete set of hypothalamic pathways that may underlie the involvement of leptin in obesity-induced hypertension. 相似文献
24.
García-Samaniego J Soriano V Miró JM Romero JD Bruguera M Castilla J Esteban JI Gonźlez J Lissen E Moreno A Moreno S Moreno-Otero R Ortega E Quereda C Rodríguez M Sánchez-Tapias JM;Spanish Hepatitis-HIV Consensus Panel 《HIV clinical trials》2002,3(2):99-114
Co-infection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses is quite common because they share similar routes of transmission. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients in the last few years. However, chronic viral hepatitis represents an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, either as a result of end-stage liver disease or as a consequence of hepatotoxicity induced by antiretroviral drugs. The main goal of the Consensus Conference was to establish specific recommendations for the management of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-infected patients. The role of orthotopic liver transplantation for co-infected individuals with end-stage liver disease was also assessed. 相似文献
25.
Bagher Larijani Mir Reza Bekheirnia Akbar Soltani Alireza Khalili‐Far Hossein Adibi Reza Baradar Jalili 《American journal of human biology》2004,16(2):168-171
The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between bone mineral density (BMD) and blood pressure in 214 men, age 20–76. BMD measurements were done by dual X‐ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPXMD densitometer at the lumbar spine (L2–L4) and different femoral regions. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured using an MPC‐350 sphygmomanometer. Physicians gathered demographic data and participants' dietary intake of calcium were determined by using food frequency questionnaires. After adjusting for age, body mass index, dietary calcium, and exercise history, multiple linear regression models showed that DBP was negatively related to femoral neck BMD (β = ?0.145, P = 0.032) and just shy of significant association with femoral neck BMC (β = ?0.114, P = 0.079). SBP was correlated with femoral neck (r = ?0.171, P = 0.012) and Ward's (r = ?0.186, P = 0.006) BMD but not after adjusting for possible confounders. Further studies are needed to determine whether elevated blood pressure is causally related to the development of low bone mass. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:168–171, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
26.
Press C Taylor-Clarke M Kennett S Haggard P 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2004,154(2):238-245
Perception of our own bodies is based on integration of visual and tactile inputs, notably by neurons in the brain's parietal lobes. Here we report a behavioural consequence of this integration process. Simply viewing the arm can speed up reactions to an invisible tactile stimulus on the arm. We observed this visual enhancement effect only when a tactile task required spatial computation within a topographic map of the body surface and the judgements made were close to the limits of performance. This effect of viewing the body surface was absent or reversed in tasks that either did not require a spatial computation or in which judgements were well above performance limits. We consider possible mechanisms by which vision may influence tactile processing. 相似文献
27.
28.
Maria E Tosello Marisa S Biasoli Alicia G Luque Hortensia M Magaró Adriana R Krapp 《Medical mycology》2007,45(6):535-540
Candida dubliniensis is a yeast species closely related to Candida albicans, but in contrast to C. albicans, limited information is available on the virulence factors of this important fungal pathogen. The objective of the present study was to determine if this species was able to evoke an adaptive response to oxidants. C. dubliniensis, treated with a low concentration of either H(2)O(2) or methyl viologen (a superoxide generating agent), mounts an adaptive response that results in increased survival against lethal doses of both oxidants. This response was characterized by the induction of enzymes with known antioxidant function. C. dubliniensis strains were less resistant to oxidants than C. albicans, displaying higher susceptibility to their toxic effects. The adaptive response described here might be responsible, among other factors, for the ability of this pathogen to cause infections in individuals with impaired immunity. 相似文献
29.
G. W. Nuss R. D. Smyth C. H. Breder M. J. Hitchings G. N. Mir N. H. Reavey-Cantwell 《Inflammation research》1976,6(6):735-747
Fenclorac (a,m-dichloro-p-cyclohexylphenylacetic acid, diethylammonium salt) is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with significant analgesic and antipyretic activity. Fenclorac had an ED50 of 7.9 mg/kg in the carrageenan paw edema assay and had a duration of action of 18–22 hours. Comparative tests in the carrageenan paw edema assay in the rat indicated that the potency of fenclorac was 13 times that of aspirin, 3.4 times phenylbutazone, 3 times ibuprofen and 0.3 times indomethacin. Fenclorac was less potent than indomethacin, but more potent than phenylbutazone or aspirin in treatment of developing or established adjuvant arthritis. The anti-inflammatory effectiveness of fenclorac did not depend upon the integrity of the adrenopituitary axis and was not affected by the route of administration or sex of the test animal. Fenclorac was 77 times more potent than aspirin and more than twice as potent as indomethacin in reducing fever in rats rendered hyperthermic with brewer's yeast. Fenclorac did not affect normal body temperatures. Fenclorac did not interfere with cellular immune mechanisms as measured by its lack of effectiveness in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Antinociceptive testing indicated that fenclorac had peripheral but not central analgesic activity. Fenclorac had an acute oral LD50 in rats and mice of 285 and 430 mg/kg, respectively. The acute gastric lesion UD50 for fenclorac was 7 mg/kg in the fasted rat. Studies using51Cr-tagged erythrocytes indicated that fenclorac did not produce significant fecal blood loss in the rat at twice the therapeutic ED50 dose for up to 12 days after dosing. Extensive and prolonged fecal blood loss was observed with a corresponding dose of indomethacin for up to nine days after administration. Comparison of the antiinflammatory pharmacology, Therapeutic Ratio and the data obtained from the51Cr-fecal blood loss studies indicated that fenclorac was well tolerated after acute or subacute administration to the rat. 相似文献
30.
Stefania Barozzi Daniela Soi Elisabetta Intieri Marisa Giani Mirko Aldè Eleonora Tonon Lia Signorini Alessandra Renieri Chiara Fallerini Paola Perin Giovanni Montini Umberto Ambrosetti 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(10):2345-2358
Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in collagen IV, which is widespread in the basement membranes of many organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and ears. Whereas the effects of collagen IV changes in the cochlea are well known, no changes have been described in the posterior labyrinth. The aim of this study was to investigate both the auditory and the vestibular function of a group of individuals with AS. Seventeen patients, aged 9–52, underwent audiological tests including pure‐tone and speech audiometry, immittance test and otoacoustic emissions and vestibular tests including video head impulse test, rotatory test, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Hearing loss affected 25% of the males and 27.3% of the females with X‐linked AS. It was sensorineural with a cochlear localization and a variable severity. 50% of the males and 45.4% of the females had a hearing impairment in the high‐frequency range. Otoacoustic emissions were absent in about one‐third of the individuals. A peripheral vestibular dysfunction was present in 75% of the males and 45.4% of the females, with no complaints of vertigo or dizziness. The vestibular impairment was compensated and the vestibulo‐ocular reflex asymmetry was more evident in rotatory tests carried out at lower than higher speeds; a vestibular hypofunction was present in all hearing impaired ears although it was also found in subjects with normal hearing. A posterior labyrinth injury should be hypothesized in AS even when the patient does not manifest hearing disorders or evident signs of renal failure. 相似文献