NBOMe instability in whole blood

Forensic Toxicology - The stability of NBOMes, potent new psychoactive substances, in whole blood was studied over 180 days. We present a fully validated liquid chromatography–tandem...     

Neurohormone activation

Neurohormonal activation plays a significant role in left ventricular remodeling and progression of heart failure. Treatment strategies that antagonize the RAS and sympathetic nervous system can attenuate the left ventricular remodeling process. Natriuretic peptides, specifically BNP, are a marker of left ventricular dysfunction. With the progressive increase in the incidence and prevalence of heart failure, treatment approaches must focus on the underlying cause as well as on blocking the neurohormonal activation that leads to the remodeling process.     

Planning and managing a complex multisite study in the age of technology

A 2‐year long, multisite research study that evaluated cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill decay among nursing students was conducted at 10 schools of nursing across the United States. The study was conducted in two phases and required carefully timed sessions for skill performance. Multisite studies in nursing education need to be carefully planned. Time delays should be anticipated with processes and Institutional Review Board protocols across sites. All team members were trained and consistently supported during the entire study. While challenges and obstacles were identified, innovative solutions were implemented that assisted the research team to successfully complete the study. The use of new and existing technology allowed the team to surmount many of the challenges encountered in this study. The purpose of this article is to describe the logistics, processes, challenges, and lessons learned related to conducting a complex multisite study.     

Exploring Maternal Patterns of Dietary Caffeine Consumption Before Conception and During Pregnancy

We describe patterns of dietary caffeine consumption before and after pregnancy recognition in a cohort of women who recently gave birth. This study included 8,347 mothers of non-malformed liveborn control infants who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study during 1997–2007. Maternal self-reported consumption of beverages (caffeinated coffee, tea, and soda) and chocolate the year before pregnancy was used to estimate caffeine intake. The proportions of prepregnancy caffeine consumption stratified by maternal characteristics are reported. In addition, patterns of reported change in consumption before and after pregnancy were examined by maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated to assess factors most associated with change in consumption. About 97 % of mothers reported any caffeine consumption (average intake of 129.9 mg/day the year before pregnancy) and soda was the primary source of caffeine. The proportion of mothers reporting dietary caffeine intake of more than 300 mg/day was significantly increased among those who smoked cigarettes or drank alcohol. Most mothers stopped or decreased their caffeinated beverage consumption during pregnancy. Young maternal age and unintended pregnancy were associated with increases in consumption during pregnancy. Dietary caffeine consumption during pregnancy is still common in the US. A high level of caffeine intake was associated with known risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes. Future studies may improve the maternal caffeine exposure assessment by acquiring additional information regarding the timing and amount of change in caffeine consumption after pregnancy recognition.     

Improvement in psychosocial adjustment for psychiatric patients after a 16-week life skills education program

The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory, a 36-item screening inventory for psychosocial adjustment, was administered pre- and posttreatment to 31 psychiatric patients enrolled in a 16-week life skills education program. Statistically significant improvements in the Depression Symptomatology, Social Symptomatology, and Total scores were obtained, but the Psychiatric Symptomatology scale did not improve significantly. Size of effect was larger for Depression Symptomatology (.52) and Social Symptomatology (.30) than for Psychiatric Symptomatology (.23). On a 6-point scale all patients rated their overall satisfaction with the program on the two most favorable categories, excellent and very good. The results provide support for life skills education programming for psychiatric patients as part of the treatment and recovery process. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.