经皮前路侧块螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗C1,2不稳

目的　创建一种经皮前路侧块螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗C1,2 不稳的手术方法。方法　取 4 0名正常人影像学测量寰枢椎正位、侧位片的标准角、安全角、椎动脉内壁至寰椎上下缘中点连线的距离等相应数据 ,并用自行研制手术器械 ,对 15例C1,2 创伤性不稳的患者。男 10例 ,女 5例 ;寰枢椎 (半 )脱位 7例 ,陈旧齿状突骨折伴脱位 1例 ;Jefferson骨折 3例 ;C1前弓骨折 4例。在C臂X光机监视下行经皮前路侧块螺钉内固定前路植骨融合技术治疗 ,并分析其治疗结果。结果　正位片上其标准角右侧为 2 4 0°± 3 7° ,左侧为 2 3 8°± 1 8°;安全角右侧为 15 2°～ 30 3° ,左侧为 14 8°～ 32 1°;椎动脉内壁至寰椎上下缘中点连线的距离右侧为 (5 6± 2 2 )mm ,左侧为 (5 8± 1 9)mm ;侧位片的标准角为 2 4 1°± 1 8° ;安全角为 12 6°～ 2 6 8°。 15例患者内固定均获得了满意效果 ,螺钉位置佳。无脊髓、椎动脉和食管损伤等并发症发生。穿刺创口无感染。结论　经皮前路侧块螺钉内固定治疗C1,2 不稳操作简单 ,出血少 ,创伤小 ,恢复快 ,可一期行侧块关节固定植骨融合。手术有一定风险 ,如使用合理的配套器械 ,并熟悉其解剖特点 ,在X线透视下正确选择进针点、角度和深度 ,操作规范 ,此技术是安全的。     

单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术对椎体复位作用的研究

目的探讨单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术对椎体压缩骨折复位作用的差异,评价后凸成形术的临床疗效。方法对2000年5月～2004年5月应用球囊扩张后凸成形术(KP)施行椎体复位的58例胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折(VCFs)患者(90个椎体)的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。58例患者90个椎体分为单球囊组(28个椎体)和双球囊组(62个椎体),两组均经双侧椎弓根穿刺,扩张后灌注骨水泥,分别采用单球囊双侧交替扩张和双球囊双侧同时扩张的方法。分别测量术前术后椎体高度和Cobb角,比较术前术后及两组之间的差异。结果患者术后疼痛均明显减轻或消失。椎体高度平均恢复率726%(229～100%);Cobb角由术前179°(31°～316°)矫正至术后96°(06°～282°),平均矫正87°(03°～272°),术前、术后相比差异有极显著性意义(P<0001)。单球囊组和双球囊组术后椎体高度平均恢复率分别为776%(553%～100%)和643%(229%～100%),术后平均矫正Cobb角分别为99°(03°～272°)和86°(06°～198°),两组相比差异无显著性意义(P>005)。结论后凸成形术可有效缓解椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,恢复椎体高度,改善后凸畸形;单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术同样能使压缩骨折的椎体获到较好复位。     

缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达影响的研究

目的评价缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达的影响。方法41条杂种犬随机分成假手术组6只、预处理组21只、对照组14只。预处理组主动脉阻断6min后开放6min,反复2次,之后阻断35min;对照组主动脉阻断35min。术后进行神经功能评分,检测脊髓组织中热休克蛋白70表达。结果在再灌注后6h、24h预处理组热休克蛋白70于胞质和胞核均有表达,且强于对照组;而且神经功能评分预处理组高于对照组。在再灌注后7d预处理组神经功能评分无明显改变,且仍见热休克蛋白70表达。结论缺血预处理可以增加脊髓的缺血耐受;热休克蛋白70在胞质和胞核中表达可能在缺血耐受中起到一定的作用。     

舌下神经鞘瘤的诊断和治疗

目的提高舌下神经鞘瘤的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析10例舌下神经鞘瘤患者的临床表现、影像学特征、诊断、治疗和随访情况,并对我科早期5例和近期5例舌下神经鞘瘤的治疗方案及结果进行比较。结果10例患者均有患侧舌肌萎缩表现,颅底CT薄层扫描可以显示骨性舌下神经管,但肿瘤较小时不一定能判定肿瘤的存在,MRI是最佳的诊断措施。早期5例均为哑铃型肿瘤,其中2例采用分期手术分别切除肿瘤的颅内部分和颅外部分,3例经远外侧入路切除肿瘤：1例经髁入路,2例经髁上入路;肿瘤全切除1例,次全切除4例;术后1例并发脑脊液漏,颅内感染;Kamofsky预后评分：良4例,死亡1例。近期5例,其中4例(2例哑铃型,1例颅内型和1例管内型)经改良远外侧入路切除肿瘤：经枕髁入路1例,经髁上入路3例;1例颅外型肿瘤2次经颈入路切除肿瘤：首次手术大部切除肿瘤,肿瘤残余部分行伽马刀治疗无效后在导航及内窥镜辅助下再次手术全切除肿瘤;肿瘤全切除4例,次全切除1例;术后无并发症发生;失访1例,其余4例Kamofsky预后评分：优3例,中1例。近期5例疗效优于早期5例。结论舌下神经鞘瘤罕见,手术难度大。根据肿瘤部位和大小设计手术方式,尽可能一期全切肿瘤,减少侵袭性操作对提高治疗效果非常重要。     

肝细胞癌中iNOS和P53蛋白的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的　研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)和p5 3蛋白在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系。方法　采用免疫组化和图像分析技术检测 5 9例肝细胞癌患者肿瘤组织中iNOS和p5 3蛋白的表达 ,CD34单克隆抗体免疫组化染色检测肿瘤组织微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　①iNOS和p5 3蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中表达阳性率分别为 81.4 % ( 4 8/ 5 9)和 6 4 .4 % ( 38/ 5 9) ,表达强度 (IOD值 )分别为 5 6 35± 12 87和 335 2± 873。②MVD为 32 .5± 2 .73,以肿瘤边缘和癌旁组织微血管较密集。③iNOS的表达与p5 3蛋白表达呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 5 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;iNOS的表达与MVD呈显著正相关 (r=0 .75 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;p5 3蛋白的表达与MVD呈显著正相关 (r=0 .72 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　肝细胞癌组织中存在iNOS和p5 3蛋白的高表达 ;iNOS和p5 3可促进肝癌血管形成     

Reduction of perlecan synthesis and induction of TGF-beta1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells due to high dialysate glucose concentration: implication in peritoneal dialysis

Prolonged exposure of the peritoneal mesothelium to high dialysate glucose concentrations reduces anionic sites that are critical to its selective permeability, thereby impairing the peritoneal transport properties in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Perlecan, an anionic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is pivotal to the selective permeability of basement membranes, and high glucose concentrations modulate its synthesis in mesangial cells. The effect of glucose on perlecan expression in the peritoneal mesothelium has not been established. We investigated perlecan expression in peritoneal biopsies from patients on PD, and the effect of high glucose concentrations on perlecan synthesis in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Peritoneal biopsies from PD patients showed reduced perlecan expression compared with controls. Exposure of HPMC to high glucose concentrations resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the synthesis of perlecan polypeptide and its deposition into the extracellular matrix. These effects were mediated in part through the induction of TGF-beta1. Characterization studies showed that perlecan synthesized by HPMC contained solely heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) chains, and [(35)S]-incorporation studies demonstrated progressive reduction of their de novo synthesis with increasing glucose concentrations (68142 +/- 3658, 48147 +/- 2517, 31468 +/- 5781, and 25575 +/- 3621 cpm/ micro g cellular protein for 5 mM, 30 mM, 75 mM, and 120 mM D-glucose, respectively; P < 0.001 for 5 mM versus 30 mM D-glucose, and P < 0.0001 for 5 mM versus 75 mM or 120 mM D-glucose). Both the length and the charge density of the HS GAG chains remained unchanged. Reduction of peritoneal perlecan expression in long-term PD was attributed to high dialysate glucose concentrations, which induced TGF-beta1 and reduced perlecan synthesis in HPMC. Since perlecan can sequester growth factors, thereby modulating cell migration and differentiation perturbation of peritoneal perlecan expression contributes to the structural and functional changes of the peritoneum in long-term PD.     

Intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood cells after spinal cord hemisection injury improves functional recovery in adult rats

The present study was designed to compare the functional outcome of the intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood (CB) cells with that of human bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells in adult rats with spinal cord injury. Sixty adult Wistar rats were subjected to left spinal cord hemisection, and then divided into three groups randomly. The control group received an injection of PBS without cells, while the two other groups of rats received a transplantation of 5 x 10(5) CD34+ CB or BMS cells, respectively. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Tarlov score at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. A statistically significant improvement in functional outcome and survival rate in the experimental groups of rats was observed compared with the control group. Rats that received CD34+ CB cells achieved a better improvement in functional score than those that received BMS cells at days 7 and 14 after transplantation. Histological evaluation revealed that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled CD34+ CB and BMS cells survived and migrated into the injured area. Some of these cells expressed glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) or neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). Our data demonstrate for the first time that intraspinal transplantation of human CD34+ CB cells provides benefit in function recovery after spinal cord hemisection in rats and suggest that CD34+ CB cells may be an excellent choice of cells as routine starting material of allogenic and autologous transplantations for the treatment of spinal cord injury.     

A multivariate analysis of dysfunctional elimination syndrome, and its relationships with gender, urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux in children

PURPOSE: We explored and quantified the relationships between dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES), and gender, urinary tract infection (UTI) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 2,759 pediatric patients treated at a referral practice who underwent renal sonography and voiding cystourethrography were summarized. The patients were children with VUR or normal genitourinary anatomy who presented with UTI or dysfunctional voiding and children screened for genitourinary problems such as hematuria, sibling reflux or bedwetting. A multivariate logistic regression approach was used to model and quantify the associations between DES and other pediatric urology factors. RESULTS: Of the girls 36.0% with unilateral VUR had DES, while 36.1% with bilateral VUR had DES. The corresponding rates for boys were 20.5% and 21.2%. The higher rate of DES in girls was independent of UTI and VUR status. While UTI was not associated with DES in boys or girls without VUR, in patients with VUR and UTI the risk of DES almost doubled (OR 1.97). Reflux alone without UTI was negatively associated with DES in boys (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34, 0.73) and girls (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.19, 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Girls had a significantly higher rate of DES than boys in all UTI and VUR subgroups in the current data. UTI significantly impacts the DES occurrence in patients with VUR. No statistically significant difference was detected in the DES rate between the unilateral and bilateral VUR groups, and the reflux group as a whole did not seem to have a higher rate of DES in boys or girls.     

自体髂骨重建胫骨平台在胫骨外侧平台粉碎性骨折中的应用

目的：采用自体髂骨移植修复重建胫骨平台骨折中骨软骨面的大量缺损，并评价其术后临床结果。方法：对胫骨外侧平台粉碎性骨折中因骨软骨严重碎裂、塌陷而无法复位固定所造成的胫骨平台缺损，用自体髂骨移植的方法予以修复重建。结果：术后经过12个月～5年的随访，平均24个月，按膝关节功能评定标准评分为75～100分，平均85.2分。结论：移植物为髂骨，其供区创伤小，无明显的并发症；受区植入方便，容易固定。可以用来重建胫骨平台。     

胸部爆炸伤紧急救治临床指南（2022年）

胸部爆炸伤是现代战伤和恐怖袭击中最常见的损伤类型之一,也是爆炸伤中致死率最高的伤类之一,大部分严重胸部爆炸伤患者死于受伤早期和院前转运途中,故对其紧急救治特别重要。目前普遍存在治疗不规范、疗效差异大等问题,且临床上缺乏胸部爆炸伤救治规范。中华医学会创伤学分会遵循科学性、实用性和先进性的原则,针对胸部爆炸伤的分型、院前急...