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991.
The effects of benzodiazepines on event-related potential indices of automatic and controlled processing in schizophrenia: a preliminary report 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Murakami T Nakagome K Kamio S Kasai K Iwanami A Hiramatsu K Fukuda M Hata A Honda M Watanabe A Kato N 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2002,26(4):651-661
The effects of benzodiazepines on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients were investigated using event-related potential (ERP) measurement during an auditory selective attention task. In this study, the authors compared the mismatch negativity (MMN) and N2b components between two subgroups of schizophrenic patients: one is comprised of patients who received no benzodiazepines (NT group, n = 7) and the other is comprised of those administered benzodiazepines in the daytime (T group, n = 7). There were no significant differences in MMN and N2b amplitudes between the two subgroups, whereas the N2b latency was significantly prolonged in the T group relative to the NT group. This suggested that benzodiazepines induce delayed stimulus classification processing in schizophrenic patients. 相似文献
992.
Ishii T Teramoto S Miyashita A Ishigatsubo Y Kimura H Kuwahira I Ueki J Fukuchi Y Ouchi Y Matsuse T 《Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi. Japanese journal of geriatrics》2002,39(3):308-313
Smoking status, the extent of recognition of the relationship between smoking and COPD, and actual nature of education for smoking cessation by physicians have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate perceptions about education for smoking cessation in the elderly by physicians who work in the clinic, questionnaires were sent to the 1,012 physicians who belong to the Yokohama City Medical Association. Of these, 311 respond and their data (31%) were included in the analysis. The questionnaire included questions on the importance of smoking cessation in the elderly, on the perception about the relationship between smoking and various diseases, and actual education for smoking cessation. The smoking status of the physicians themselves was also investigated. The distribution of current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers among the physicians was 13%, 33%, and 54%, respectively. Seventy-five percent of ex-smokers answered that their experience of smoking cessation influenced their patient education for smoking cessation, and 39% of smokers answered that their smoking status did not influence it. Only 53% of the physicians replied that they actually performed education for smoking cessation to the elderly, and 8% of them replied that they hardly perform any or do not perform it. Smoking cessation is thought to be the only way to prevent the development of COPD. However, only a half of physicians recognized the importance of smoking cessation for the treatment and control of COPD in the elderly. In addition, less than one third of physicians perform nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Enlightenment for physicians should be needed to make them perform education for smoking cessation more aggressively. 相似文献
993.
994.
OBJECTIVE: Disodium cycloheptylaminomethylenediphosphonate monohydrate (incadronate disodium) is a third-generation bisphosphonate compound which potently inhibits bone resorption, and a highly effective drug in the treatment of metastatic bone disease. We first labeled incadronate disodium with 99mTc, and examined its biodistribution and bone uptake after intravenous injection in rats to assess its potential for clinical use as a bone-seeking agent for judgment of the therapeutic effect of incadronate on bone metastases. Bone scan with 99mTc-labeled incadronate (99mTc-incadronate) may yield important information prior to the use of incadronate for treatment of bone metastases. METHODS: Synthesis of 99mTc-incadronate was carried out by reduction of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the presence of SnCl2 and N2 gas. Normal rats were injected with 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) 99mTc-incadronate in a volume of 0.1 ml intravenously and then sacrificed at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h or 2 h (six rats at each time point) after injection. Samples of muscle, stomach, small intestine, kidney, liver and bone (femur) were taken and weighed. In addition, a 1-ml sample of blood was drawn from the heart, and urine was taken from the urinary bladder immediately after sacrifice. Samples were measured for radioactivity and expressed as percent uptake of injected dose per gram or per milliliter (% ID/g or ml). Bone-to-blood and bone-to-muscle uptake ratios were determined from the % ID/g or ml values for these organs. RESULTS: The greatest accumulation of 99mTc-incadronate was found in bone. Radioactivity in bone was as high as 3.22 +/- 0.68% ID/g at 2 hours after injection. Scintigraphic images of 99mTc-incadronate in normal rats revealed highly selective skeletal uptake. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-incadronate exhibited high uptake in bone, and relatively low uptake in soft tissue, suggesting that it may be useful as a bone-seeking agent for judgment of the therapeutic effect of incadronate on bone metastases, by determining the degree of its accumulation in metastatic bone lesions. 相似文献
995.
Honda N Machida K Hosono M Matsumoto T Matsuda H Oshima M Koizumi K Kosuda S Momose T Mori Y Hashimoto J Shimizu Y 《Radiation Medicine》2002,20(6):281-289
Brain perfusion SPECT (BP-SPECT) has characteristic patterns of abnormality, enabling the differential diagnosis of dementia. The purpose of this study was to measure interobserver variations in the diagnosis of dementia using BP-SPECT. BP-SPECT images of 57 cases, 19 of Alzheimer's disease (AD), eight of multi-infarct dementia (MID), three of Pick's disease, five of other dementias, and 22 normal controls, were interpreted by ten nuclear medicine physicians with varying levels of experience. Brain MR images of the cases were then interpreted apart from SPECT. The physicians independently rated all of the diagnoses listed beforehand according to a five-point scale, with clinical information provided. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (Az) were calculated. Az varied from 0.48 to 0.87. Mean Az's were significantly larger (p<0.05) in the diagnosis by SPECT than in that by MRI (0.715 and 0.629 for dementia vs. normal, 0.670 and 0.560 for AD or MID vs. normal, 0.610 and 0.416 for AD vs. normal, and 0.672 and 0.412 for AD vs. MID, respectively). Considerable interobserver variation was present in BP-SPECT interpretation. BP-SPECT may be more effective for the evaluation of dementia than MRI when the same nuclear medicine physicians interpret both images. 相似文献
996.
MR imaging of diabetic mastopathy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sakuhara Y Shinozaki T Hozumi Y Ogura S Omoto K Furuse M 《AJR. American journal of roentgenology》2002,179(5):1201-1203
997.
Yuichi Nakamura Kaori Yomura Toshihiro Kammoto Makoto Ishimatsu Yuichi Kikuchi Kazuaki Niitsu Susumu Terabayashi Shuichi Takeda Hiroshi Sasaki Keiko Arimoto Minoru Okada Setsuko Sekita Motoyoshi Satake Yukihiro Goda 《Journal of natural medicines》2006,60(4):285-294
Aconite root has high toxicity caused by diester alkaloids, thus it was necessary to define the limiting value of diester
alkaloids used in medicine formulation. To give the quality of “Processed Aconite Root” and “Powdered Processed Aconite Root”
in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (14th edn, supplement II), we established the official specification and evaluation methods
of standard substances. High qualitative grade diester alkaloids, aconitine, hypaconitine, jesaconitine and mesaconitine,
which were useful to evaluate the purity of processed aconite root and powdered processed aconite root, were prepared and
evaluated for their stability. We studied the physicochemical specification and evaluation methods of these alkaloids. In
addition, an “Aconitum diester alkaloids standard solution for purity”, which was used for the purity test, was prepared,
and we also studied its physicochemical specification and evaluation methods. In addition, to evaluate the quality of processed
aconite root and powdered processed aconite root, a TLC identification test was established. A monoester alkaloid of benzoylmesaconine
hydrochloride was used as the reference standard in the latter test, and we also investigated its physicochemical specification
and evaluation methods. 相似文献
998.
Norepinephrine‐induced diastolic dysfunction with aortic valve opening under calcium‐loading in rats
Noboru Kaneko Ryuko Matsuda Takahide Nakajima Makoto Shinozaki Naoyuki Ohtani Kazuhiko Oda Hisashi Hasumi Ken Shimamoto 《Drug development research》2006,67(6):511-518
Heart failure associated with a high plasma level of norepinephrine (NE) has an extremely poor prognosis with NE being the most powerful predictor of all‐cause mortality. An increase in the diastolic intracellular calcium level (Ca2+) occurs in left ventricular dysfunction; however, the cause‐and‐effect relationships among Ca2+loading, high plasma NE, and an increase in diastolic ventricular pressure is unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between diastolic dysfunction and NE with and without Ca2+loading in rats. Animals were studied in four groups: Ca2+loading for 45 min (Ca2+group), NE alone for 25 min (30 µg/kg/min NE for 25 min; NE group), Ca2+loading and NE for 25 min after Ca2+loading (Ca2+‐NE group), and a vehicle group. Hemodynamics were examined using a micromanometer‐tipped pressure catheter, and diastolic function was studied using Doppler echocardiography. Significantly increased left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and decreased E and Ea waves and deceleration time (DCT) were found in the Ca2+‐NE group, compared with the Ca2+and NE groups. There were no changes in left ventricular pressure (LVP) and LV ejection fraction (EF) among the four groups. NE‐induced diastolic contracture (NEIDC) with aortic valve opening occurred in the diastole when LVP overshot the aortic pressure after co‐administration of NE and Ca2+after Ca2+loading, and pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in all animals of the Ca2+‐NE group. The results support the suggestion that NE may be an important factor in the development of diastolic dysfunction in ischemic heart disease. Drug Dev. Res. 67:511–518, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Takahiro Nakajima Makoto Suzuki Soichiro Ando Tomohiko Iida Akinobu Araki Takehiko Fujisawa Hideki Kimura 《BMC cancer》2006,6(1):11-5