多次不同剂量PEG 400对大鼠体内细胞色素P450 3A活性的影响

目的：研究多次不同剂量PEG400对大鼠体内细胞色素P4503A活性的影响。方法：以咪哒唑仑为探针，HPLC法测定咪哒唑仑及其代谢物1′－羟基咪哒唑仑在大鼠体内的血药浓度并计算其药动学参数，以多次不同剂量PEG400处理组与阴性对照组的AU0.4h比值为指标，研究它们对大鼠体内细胞色素P4503A药酶活性的影响。结果：与生理盐水组相比，PEG400（5mg·kg^-1，tid，3d）、PEG400（20mg·kg，tid，3d）分别增加咪哒唑仑AUC0-4h（1．9±0．5）（P〈0．05）、（1．14±0．21）倍，显著降低1′-羟基咪哒唑仑与咪哒唑仑AUC0-4h的比值，分别从（1．09±0．22）降至（0．27±0．11）和（0．58±0．14）（P〈0．05）。结论：2种剂量PEG400对CYP3A均有明显的抑制作用，PEG400（5mg·kg^-1，tid，3d）显著增加咪哒唑仑的生物利用度。     

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a case-control study

Background

The aim of this study was to clarify the technical feasibility and oncological efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for gastric cancer compared with open gastrectomy (OG).

Methods

Between April 2002 and March 2008, a series of 623 patients with gastric cancer underwent R0 gastrectomy (314 LAG patients and 309 OG patients). Age, gender, lymph node dissection, and pathological stage were matched by propensity scoring, and 212 patients (106 LAG and 106 OG) were selected for analysis after the exclusion of 40 patients who had proximal gastrectomy. Intraoperative factors, postoperative morbidity, long-term quality of life (QOL), and survival were evaluated. Moreover, these outcomes were also compared between the laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) and the open total gastrectomy (OTG).

Results

There was no significant difference in preoperative characteristics between the two patient groups. Regarding intraoperative characteristics, blood loss was significantly lower in the LAG group (143?ml) than in the OG group (288?ml), while operation time was significantly longer in the LAG group (273?min) than the OG group (231?min). The degree of lymph node dissection and number of retrieved lymph nodes did not differ between the two groups. There were no significant differences in postoperative courses or overall and disease-specific survival (89.8% vs. 83.6%, P?=?0.0886; 100% vs. 95.2%, P?=?0.1073) except time to first flatus and time to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory derivatives between the two groups. Significantly fewer patients felt wound pain in the LAG group 1?year after surgery. Analyses between the LATG and OTG groups showed similar results.

Conclusions

LAG for gastric cancer may be both feasible and safe. However, it will be necessary to conduct a well-designed randomized controlled trial comparing short-term and long-term outcomes between LAG and OG in a larger number of patients.     

Prophylactic portal infusion chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for the prevention of metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer

The DNA ploidy and DNA indices (DI) of 414 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed, and the incidence of patients with metachronous liver metastasis was found to be significantly higher in those with aneuploid tumors and a DI above 1.5 than in those with aneuploid tumors and a DI below 1.4, or in those with diploid tumors and a DI equal to 1.0. Next, to confirm the effectiveness of administering prophylactic portal infusion chemotherapy (PPIC) as adjuvant therapy for the prevention of metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, a randomized controlled trial of PPIC was performed on 110 consecutive patients with primary colorectal cancer who had undergone curative resection. Although the incidence of patients with metachronous liver metastasis in the two study groups was not significantly different at 3.3% in the PPIC group and 10.3% in the control group, the incidence in the patients with aneuploidy and a DI above 1.5 was significantly lower in the PPIC group than in the control group. These findings suggest that colorectal cancer with aneuploidy and a DI above 1.5 may have a strong tendency to metastasize to the liver, and that prophylactic portal infusion chemotherapy may be effective for preventing metachronous liver metastasis in such patients.     

Experimental studies of photo radiation therapy on neuroblastoma

A combination of Photo Radiation Therapy (PRT) using Argon-Dye Laser with hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) was used experimentally on a cytogenetically highly malignant neuroblastoma xenograft, which exhibited a homogeneously staining region and caused DNA amplifications in chromosomes. The tumor tissue was treated with 500 joules/cm2 of laser. The dosage of HpD was 50 mg per kg body weight. Necrosis of over 50% of the tumor was observed in half the specimens. Swollen cytoplasmic organelles and ruptured cell and nuclear membranes were observed by electron microscopy after PRT. PRT may be used with other treatment modalities for the removal of residual and metastatic tumors.     

鼻咽癌治疗后颈部淋巴结转移癌复发的诊疗进展

［摘要］　鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移癌治疗后复发是鼻咽癌治疗后复发的常见类型之一,其复发后的确诊及再治疗是鼻咽癌治疗过程中的重要环节,其治疗效果必然影响到患者的生存和生活质量。该文对鼻咽癌治疗后颈部淋巴结转移癌复发的影响因素、诊断、治疗现状和研究进展作一综述。     

门脉高压症肝移植的治疗体会及围手术期处理(附23例报告)

目的探讨肝移植在肝硬化门脉高压治疗中的意义。方法回顾性分析本中心23例肝脏移植肝硬化门脉高压症患者的临床资料。结果23例患者中2例死于围手术期并发症，其余均存活，最长37个月，最短2个月，术后并发症发生率42．8％。结论肝移植是目前能从根本上治疗门静脉高压症的有效方法。     

高血压病患者血脂综合指标与大动脉僵硬度异常的相关性

目的  通过引入血脂综合指标探讨高血压病患者血脂异常与大动脉僵硬度异常的相关性。 方法  本研究共纳入高血压病随诊或疑诊动脉粥样硬化相关疾病患者431例。对所有入组患者依据有无高血压病及血脂异常病史分为无高血压病和血脂异常病史组（A组）、有血脂异常病史但无高血压病史组（B组）、有高血压病史但无血脂异常病史组（C组）、有高血压病及血脂异常病史组（D组）。依据总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C）等血脂指标分别计算血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数（atherogenic index of plasma,AIP）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,non-HDL-C）、TC/HDL-C、动脉硬化指数（atherogenic index,AI）等血脂综合指标,比较各指标组间差异。采用多元线性偏相关分析探讨各血脂指标与肱踝动脉脉搏波传导速度（brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV）的相关性。 结果  TC、TG、HDL-C、AIP、AI、non-HDL-C及TC/HDL-C在各组间总体比较差异均存在统计学意义（均有P < 0.05）。针对高血压病患者（C组、D组）进行多元线性偏相关分析,结果显示,TG、HDL-C、AIP、AI、TC/HDL-C与baPWV均呈正相关关系（均有P < 0.05）,TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C与baPWV均无明显相关性（均有P>0.05）。 结论  高血压患者血脂水平与大动脉僵硬度可能存在相关性,AI、AIP及TC/HDL-C等血脂综合指标可能更好反映高血压病患者血脂异常与大动脉僵硬度异常的相关趋势。     

182株铜绿假单胞菌感染分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的感染分布情况及其对14种抗生素体外耐药性,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法采用K-B纸片扩散法对2004年1月～2005年12月年住院患者分离的铜绿假单胞菌进行抗生素敏感性测定,同时对其感染分布及耐药性进行分析。结果两年内共检出182株铜绿假单胞菌。感染部位依次为:呼吸道(82.4%)、伤口(12%)和泌尿道(3.8%)等。铜绿假单胞菌对14种抗生素敏感性较高的是亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,分别为3.2%、7.1%、9.8%,耐药率较高的是头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉,耐药率为47.8%、39%。结论本院铜绿假单胞菌分布以呼吸道为主,对碳青酶烯类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合物保持较好的敏感性,但耐药情况有随时间增加的趋势,头孢三代的耐药率高于国家细菌耐药监测研究组(BRSSG)的结果,所以应加强对铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的监测,合理应用抗生素是延缓耐药菌株增加的最有效办法。     

腰围和冠心病因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究

目的 采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法探索腰围与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病发病风险间的因果关系。 方法 利用大规模全基因组关联研究数据库,选择相互独立且与腰围密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,通过Wald比值法、逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法以及加权中位数法等两样本孟德尔随机化方法,以比值比(OR值)作为评价指标对腰围与冠心病间的因果关系进行研究。 结果 本研究利用样本量为232 101关于腰围的欧洲人群数据库,与样本量为86 995关于冠心病的欧洲人群数据库,选择其中的39个SNP作为工具变量。运用上述两样本孟德尔随机化方法得出的因果效应估计值相近,其中IVW法的OR值为1.531(95%CI: 1.248~1.877; P<0.001),MR-Egger回归结果表明遗传多效性不会对结果造成偏倚(截距=0.003,P=0.768)。 结论 两样本孟德尔随机化分析结果显示,腰围与冠心病的发病风险间呈正向因果关系,即腰围每增加一个标准差(SD=12.5 cm)会导致冠心病发病风险增加约50%。     

缬草油和辛伐他汀延缓高胆固醇血症大鼠肾损伤的对比研究

目的探讨缬草油对高胆固醇血症肾损伤的保护作用和可能机制。方法大鼠随机分为正常组、高脂组、缬草油低剂量[12．5mg／（kg·d）]、中剂量[25mg／（kg·d）]、高剂量[50mg／（kg·d）]组、他汀[5mg／（kg·d）]组,用含4％胆固醇和1％胆酸钠的高脂饲料饲喂大鼠建立高脂模型。检测各组血脂、尿蛋白、肾功能变化,观察肾脏病理学改变,免疫组化法检测肾小球整合素α3β1表达,RT-PCR法检测肾小球整合素α3β1和TGF—β1 mRNA表达。结果中、高剂量缬草油和辛伐他汀均能显著降低大鼠血脂和血肌酐,组间疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。8周时缬草中、高剂量组24h尿蛋白明显降低,而他汀组16周时尿蛋白排泄方有所下降。缬草组较高脂组病理改变明显减轻,而他汀组病理改变轻度改善。缬草组α3β1表达量较高脂组明显上升,他汀组表达量有所上升,与缬草组比较差异有统计学意义。缬草组TGF-β1 mRNA表达较高脂组明显减弱,下降程度较他汀组更明显。结论缬草油可能通过降脂、上调整合素α3β1表达,减少TGF—β1表达发挥肾保护作用,其延缓肾损伤作用较辛伐他汀更突出。