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571.
Background
Regional Trauma Centre in the northern India receives the mortal remains of all fallen soldiers for embalming. Non enemy action deaths during counter insurgency operations (CI Ops) were analysed for planning preventive measures.Methods
Mortal remains received for embalming from Jan 1999 to Dec 2006 were analysed with respect to mode of injury, causation, body parts involved, fatality, seasonal variation and changing trends.Result
Accidents accounted for 3.02 deaths per thousand troops and environmental factors were responsible for 1.14 deaths per thousand troops deployed. Accidental deaths peaked in 2000, declined in 2001 and then remained more or less static. Of the accidental deaths, 88% were brought in dead and 12% died after reaching hospital. Road traffic accidents were the major killers accounting for 48.2%, followed by accidental discharge of weapon 35.5%. The latter is showing a rising trend from 8% of total accidents in 2001 to 65% in 2005 and 51% in 2006 (p<.01). Most (49.7%) of the deaths were below 25 years of age. Proportion of persons below 25 years was more in fatalities due to accidental gunshot wound. Amongst the road traffic accidents, 40% died of head injury and 51.2% due to multiple injuries. When deaths occurred due to accidental discharge of own weapon, 36.4% had brain injury and 22% heart injury. Of the environmental fatalities all but one were brought in dead. Majority were due to avalanches and landslides (51.2%), followed by earthquake (22.4%), lightning (12.8%), high altitude pulmonary oedema (10.4%) and hypothermia (3.2%). Most of the deaths due to avalanches occurred in February while all deaths due to earthquake were in October 2005. Of the deaths due to lightning, 75% occurred in April and May.Conclusion
Prevention of death caused by road traffic accidents, accidental discharge of weapon, avalanches and lightning will conserve manpower and add to operational preparedness.Key Words: Non enemy action deaths, Counter insurgency operations, Accidental discharge of weapon, Road traffic accidents 相似文献572.
573.
JK Randall CS Good JM Gilbert 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2013,95(8):586-590
Introduction
We report the outcomes of a long-term surveillance programme for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer.Methods
The details of patients undergoing a colonoscopy having been referred on the basis of family history of colorectal cancer were entered prospectively into a database. Further colonoscopy was arranged on the basis of the findings. The outcomes assessed included incidence of cancer and adenoma identification at initial and subsequent colonoscopy.Results
The records of 2,293 patients (917 men; median patient age: 51 years) were entered over 22 years, giving data on 3,982 colonoscopies. Eight adverse events (0.2%) were recorded. Twenty-seven cancers were found at first colonoscopy and thirteen developed during the follow-up period. There were significantly more cancers identified in those with more than one first-degree relative with cancer than in other groups (p=0.01). The number of adenomas identified at subsequent surveillance colonoscopies remained constant with between 9.3% and 12.0% of patients having adenomas that were removed. Two-thirds (68%) of patients with cancer and three-quarters (77%) with adenomas fell outside the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 2006 guidelines.Conclusions
Repeated colonoscopy continues to yield significant pathology including new cancers. These continue to occur despite removal of adenomas at prior colonoscopies. The majority of patients with cancers and adenomas fell outside the BSG 2006 guidelines; more would have fallen outside the 2010 guidelines. 相似文献574.
G.P.H. LUCKER P.C.M. Van De KERKHOF M.R. Van DÏJK P.M. STEIJLEN 《The British journal of dermatology》1994,131(4):546-550
We investigated the clinical efficacy of topically applied calcipotriol in six patients with congenital ichthyosis, using a double-blind, bilaterally paired, comparative approach. Unilateral improvement, in favour of the calcipotriol-treated side, was observed in three patients with lamellar ichthyosis. A beneficial response was also observed in a patient with bullous ichthyotic erythroderma of Brocq. No clinical side-effects or laboratory anomalies were observed. This study indicates that calcipotriol constitutes a new and promising approach in alleviating disorders of keratinization characterized by hyperproliferation, other than psoriasis. 相似文献
575.
In adulthood the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is controlled by both CRH and arginine vasopressin (AVP). However, in neonates CRH secretion is very low, whereas AVP secretion is fully functional. This suggests that the role of AVP is more pronounced in young than in adult rats. We investigated the role of AVP by studying stress responses in 5, 10, and 20-d-old AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats. Two different stressors were applied: 24-h maternal separation and Hypnorm Grove Oxford UK injections. In heterozygous controls (that do express AVP), both stressors increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone. The ACTH stress response disappeared in AVP-deficient rats, demonstrating that during the perinatal period, the secretion of this hormone is controlled by AVP. Surprisingly, corticosterone responses remained intact in AVP-deficient rats. Similar findings were obtained after 1-, 4-, 12-, and 24-h long maternal separations. Thus, preserved corticosterone stress responses were not explained by changes in the timing of ACTH secretion. In vitro experiments suggested that the dissociation of ACTH and corticosterone stress responses can only be partly explained by higher ACTH responsiveness of the adrenal cortex in AVP-deficient rats. Together, our results show that in neonatal periods, AVP is crucial for the expression of ACTH stress responses, but neither AVP nor ACTH is necessary for the induction of corticosterone stress responses. Discrepant ACTH and corticosterone stress responses may reflect compensatory mechanisms activated by AVP deficiency, but disparate findings suggest that they rather depict a neonate-specific mechanism of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-axis control. 相似文献
576.
Alan White PhD RN Bruno De Sousa PhD Richard De Visser PhD Richard Hogston MSc Svend Aage Madsen PhD Péter Makara PhD Martin McKee MD Gary Raine PhD Noel Richardson PhD Nicholas Clarke MSc Witold Zatoński MD 《Journal of Men's Health》2011,8(3):192-201
Background
In 2011 the European Commission launched the report ‘The State of Men's Health in Europe’ covering the health of 290 million men across 34 European countries. This is the first official statement on the health of men in Europe. The work was carried out by a team of writers from across Europe aided by a management advisory group, a reviewing group and a broader reference group.Methods
Data from major international databases were used to compile a detailed analysis based on population data, lifestyle and preventable risk factors, use of health services and morbidity and mortality data based on the ICD-10, with the results focused on the “European shortlist” of 65 causes of death.Results
Changes in male demographics are creating a reversal in the age distribution ratio, with a decreasing younger population but increasing numbers of elderly men. The data on morbidity and mortality are most striking in relation to the high levels of premature death in men across the disease spectrum with marked differences between countries.Conclusions
The very large variations seen in the health of men across Europe demonstrates that much of men's higher risk of premature death is caused by socio-cultural factors and therefore avoidable. No country should be complacent about the health of its male population. 相似文献577.
Lutz P Wasmuth JC Nischalke HD Vidovic N Grünhage F Lammert F Oldenburg J Rockstroh JK Sauerbruch T Spengler U 《European journal of medical research》2011,16(8):335-341