Duodenal hematoma: the ring sign in MR imaging

Proper management of duodenal hematoma requires that an accurate diagnosis be made using noninvasive radiological methods. Conventional imaging may be nonspecific if there is no history of trauma or coagulopathy. Two cases of duodenal hematoma that were imaged by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are described. In both cases the hematoma had a well-defined concentric ring configuration on MR images, a finding which helped establish the diagnosis. MR imaging may provide tissue-specific characterization of duodenal hematomas.     

Kann die „innere Darmschienung“ das Ileusrezidiv verhindern? Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Vergleichsstudie

Zusammenfassung. Die hohe Rezidivrate nach operativer Adh?sionsileusbehandlung erfordert besondere Ma?nahmen zur Prophylaxe. In einem 13-Jahres-Zeitraum wurde bei 52 von 95 Patienten mit besonders ausgedehnten Adh?sionen zus?tzlich eine lange Darmsonde eingebracht, wobei die mittlere postoperative Schienungsdauer 6,6 Tage betrug. Nach einer mindestens 36monatigen Nachbeobachtungszeit kam es nach 52 Darmschienungen bei 2 Patienten (3,9 %; Ursachen: Volvulus nach 6 Monaten/fibrin?se Peritonitis am 6. postoperativen Tag) zu einem Rezidiv, wohingegen im nichtgeschienten Patientengut in 8 von 43 F?llen (18,6 %; Ursachen: Briden und Adh?sionen nach 0,3–136,9 Monaten) erneut wegen einer mechanischen Darmpassagest?rung laparotomiert werden mu?te. Die Untersuchung bzgl. des abdominalen Beschwerdebildes zeigte, da? geschiente Patienten im Verlauf der Nachsorge unter signifikant weniger funktionellen Beschwerden litten. Sondenbedingte Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Die perioperative Komplikationsrate war in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar.      

Ferrite particles for bowel contrast in MR imaging: design issues and feasibility studies

Diverse materials with varying physical and magnetic properties have been evaluated as gastrointestinal contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Uniform marking of the small bowel remains the greatest challenge. Ferrites are magnetically active iron oxide particles that are miscible with water and cause loss of signal on MR images. The decrease in MR signal intensity produced by ferrites occurs with a wide range of iron concentrations (0.1-10 mM) and with both T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences. These effects of ferrites are explained by predominant T2 shortening with negligible T1 effects. The ferrite preparation used in this study was stable in vitro, with little iron solubilized by acid. Intragastric administration of ferrite (5 mg of iron per kg in 6 ml) routinely marked the small bowel of rats. The authors conclude that ferrites represent a promising new class of contrast agents for gastrointestinal MR imaging.     

Comparison of weekly and daily incremental protocols of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Different protocols have been used for narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy, commonly used in the treatment of psoriasis; however, more effective and reliable protocols are still required. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the weekly and daily dose increment protocols of narrowband UVB phototherapy in psoriasis patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with plaque psoriasis underwent narrowband UVB treatment three times a week and 15 patients selected consecutively among these patients underwent a weekly (once in three treatments) dose increment whereas the remaining 15 patients underwent a daily dose increment. Patients were monitored for 10 weeks and evaluated by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). RESULTS: When the two groups were evaluated according to median PASI scores prior to the treatment and during 10 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). During the treatment lasting for 10 weeks, four patients in the group with a weekly dose increment and three patients in the group with a daily dose increment recovered and no statistically significant difference was detected between the groups (P > 0.05). The groups were also evaluated according to the median cumulative dose. The median cumulative dose was higher in the group with a daily dose increment and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The application of daily dose increments was no better than that of weekly dose increments in narrowband UVB treatment for psoriasis. Therefore, although our results may need to be supported by large-series studies, we conclude that application of weekly dose increments with a lower cumulative dose having the same efficacy is preferred in narrowband UVB treatment of psoriasis.     

Transfected leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) mediates phorbol ester-activated, homotypic cell:cell adherence in the K562 cell line

The CD11b/CD18 leukocyte integrin molecule mediates diverse neutrophil adherence-related functions, including cell:cell and cell:extracellular matrix attachments. To study the individual role of this leukocyte integrin in cell adherence in hematopoietic cells, we expressed the CD11b/CD18 complex on the surface of K562 cells, a cell line derived from an individual with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. We used an amphotrophic retroviral vector designated LCD18SN, harboring the complete coding sequence for the CD18 subunit, to transfer the CD18 cDNA into K562 cells and select stable cell lines. The CD11b subunit in the expression plasmid pREP4 was transfected into these K562/CD18 cells by electroporation and stable cell clones were selected. These K562 cells possessed RNA and intracellular protein for each subunit, and they expressed the CD11b/CD18 heterodimer on the cell surface. When CD11b/CD18 expressing K562 cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (50 ng/mL) for 24 to 48 hours, these K562 cells formed dense cell:cell aggregates. This homotypic aggregation required both activation of the CD11b/CD18 complex and the induction of the counter- receptor for CD11b/CD18 on the conjugate cell. This cell line will (1) enable the structure-function relationships between cell activation and homotypic adherence to be assessed, (2) provide the opportunity to identify accessory molecules required for activation of the CD11b/CD18 complex, and (3) facilitate the identification of novel ligands for the CD11b/CD18 complex.     

Gerota versus Zuckerkandl: the renal fascia revisited

In the medical literature, Gerota fascia is frequently used as a general term to describe both the anterior and posterior pararenal fascia. However, Zuckerkandl's name is also often used to describe either the anterior or posterior fascia. To resolve this confusion, the authors reviewed the original works by Gerota and Zuckerkandl. In 1883, Zuckerkandl described the posterior renal fascia but did not recognize the presence of the anterior renal fascia. In 1895, Gerota documented the presence of the anterior renal fascia and clearly assigned Zuckerkandl's name to the posterior renal fascia. Thus, the terms Zuckerkandl fascia and posterior renal fascia are synonymous, as are Gerota fascia and anterior renal fascia.