全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1954篇 |
免费 | 122篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 26篇 |
儿科学 | 77篇 |
妇产科学 | 26篇 |
基础医学 | 261篇 |
口腔科学 | 26篇 |
临床医学 | 209篇 |
内科学 | 537篇 |
皮肤病学 | 109篇 |
神经病学 | 74篇 |
特种医学 | 35篇 |
外科学 | 284篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 143篇 |
眼科学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 83篇 |
肿瘤学 | 163篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 112篇 |
2011年 | 123篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 80篇 |
2006年 | 84篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 85篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1967年 | 7篇 |
1933年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2077条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Characterization of a functional promoter polymorphism of the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in serotonergic raphe neurons. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
12.
Schuler U Rutt C Baier D Keller JV Stahr A Grathwohl A Ehninger G 《Reviews in immunogenetics》2000,2(4):541-546
The German bone marrow donor center (DKMS) hasrecruited over 732 500 donors during the first 9 years of its existence. Initially, donors were typed for HLA-A and B, and DR typing was only done on request for a patient-initiated search. In 1994, a project was started which led to the donor center-initiated DR typing (DCI-DRT) of >35,000 donors. These donors were selected by donor-specific criteria (age, sex, height and weight) and according to HLA-A and B phenotypes. The latter was done to avoid unnecessary DR typing of the most common A, B phenotypes With a follow up of >6 years, this strategy has led to a number of confirmatory typings (CT) (n=4588) and stem cell harvests (n=568), which is at least comparable to those ensuing after patient-initiated HLA-DR typing (126 000 DR typings, 8,213 CTs, 888 resulting in stem-cell donation). DCI-DRT seems to be a cost-effective strategy which may help to reduce search times and improve search outcome, and improve the overall efficiency of donor center operations 相似文献
13.
Application of mycobacterial proteomics to vaccine design: improved protection by Mycobacterium bovis BCG prime-Rv3407 DNA boost vaccination against tuberculosis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Mollenkopf HJ Grode L Mattow J Stein M Mann P Knapp B Ulmer J Kaufmann SH 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(11):6471-6479
Information from comparative proteome analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) principally allows prediction of potential vaccine candidates. Thirty-six M. tuberculosis DNA vaccine candidates identified by comparative proteome analysis were evaluated in the mouse model for protection against low-dose aerosol M. tuberculosis infection. We identified the DNA vaccine candidate Rv3407 as a protective antigen and analyzed putative major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes by computational predictions and gamma interferon Elispot assays. Importantly, we discovered that the DNA vaccine Rv3407 improved the efficacy of BCG vaccination in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination protocol. Our data demonstrate the rationale of a combination of proteomics, epitope prediction, and broad screening of putative antigens for identification of novel DNA vaccine candidates. Furthermore, our experiments show that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with a defined antigen boost "on top" of a BCG primer provides superior protection against tuberculosis over vaccination with BCG alone. 相似文献
14.
Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
Hambrecht R Wolf A Gielen S Linke A Hofer J Erbs S Schoene N Schuler G 《The New England journal of medicine》2000,342(7):454-460
BACKGROUND: Studies of the cardioprotective effects of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease have yielded contradictory results. Exercise training has been associated with improvement in myocardial perfusion even in patients who have progression of coronary atherosclerosis. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the effect of exercise training on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 19 patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction, indicated by abnormal acetylcholine-induced vasoconstriction, to an exercise-training group (10 patients) or a control group (9 patients). To reduce confounding, patients with coronary risk factors that could be influenced by exercise training (such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking) were excluded. In an initial study and after four weeks, the changes in vascular diameter in response to the intracoronary infusion of increasing doses of acetylcholine (0.072, 0.72, and 7.2 microg per minute) were assessed. The mean peak flow velocity was measured by Doppler velocimetry, and the diameter of epicardial coronary vessels was measured by quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: In the initial study, the two groups had similar vasoconstrictive responses to acetylcholine. After four weeks of exercise training, coronary-artery constriction in response to acetylcholine at a dose of 7.2 microg per minute was reduced by 54 percent (from a mean [+/-SE] decrease in the luminal diameter of 0.41+/-0.05 mm in the initial study to a decrease of 0.19+/-0.07 mm at four weeks; P<0.05 for the comparison with the change in the control group). In the exercise-training group, the increases in mean peak flow velocity in response to 0.072, 0.72, and 7.2 microg of acetylcholine per minute were 12+/-7, 36+/-11, and 78+/-16 percent, respectively, in the initial study. After four weeks of exercise, the increases in response to acetylcholine were 27+/-7, 73+/-19, and 142+/-28 percent (P<0.01 for the comparison with the control group). Coronary blood-flow reserve (the ratio of the mean peak flow velocity after adenosine infusion to the resting velocity) increased by 29 percent after four weeks of exercise (from 2.8+/-0.2 in the initial study to 3.6+/-0.2 after four weeks; P<0.01 for the comparison with the control group). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation both in epicardial coronary vessels and in resistance vessels in patients with coronary artery disease. 相似文献
15.
Molecular profiling of clinical tissue specimens: feasibility and applications 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
Emmert-Buck MR Strausberg RL Krizman DB Bonaldo MF Bonner RF Bostwick DG Brown MR Buetow KH Chuaqui RF Cole KA Duray PH Englert CR Gillespie JW Greenhut S Grouse L Hillier LW Katz KS Klausner RD Kuznetzov V Lash AE Lennon G Linehan WM Liotta LA Marra MA Munson PJ Ornstein DK Prabhu VV Prange C Schuler GD Soares MB Tolstoshev CM Vocke CD Waterston RH 《The American journal of pathology》2000,156(4):1109-1115
16.
An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow 总被引:66,自引:0,他引:66
Lutz MB Kukutsch N Ogilvie AL Rössner S Koch F Romani N Schuler G 《Journal of immunological methods》1999,223(1):77-92
As dendritic cells (DC) are rare populations in all organs, their generation from hematopoietic precursors in large quantities has proven critical to study their biology. From murine bone marrow about 5 x 10(6) cells at 70% purity are obtained per mouse after 8 days of culture with GM-CSF. We have improved this standard method and routinely achieve a 50-fold higher yield, i.e., 1-3 x 10(8) immature and mature DC per mouse at 90-95% purity. The major modifications were: (i) the avoidance of any active depletion of bone marrow cell subpopulations to circumvent loss of precursors, (ii) a lower plating density of bone marrow cells, (iii) a prolonged culture period of 10-12 days, (iv) the reduction of the GM-CSF dose from day 8 or 10 onwards to reduce granulocyte contaminations. The final non-adherent population at day 10-12 constitutes a mixture of immature and mature DC. Further maturation of DC could be induced by high doses of LPS or TNF-alpha for the last 24 h, where 50-70% of the non-adherent fraction represented mature DC with high levels of NLDC-145, CD86 and CD40. This method allows by simple means the generation of high numbers of murine DC with very low B cell or granulocyte contaminations. It will be valuable to study DC biology notably at the molecular level. 相似文献
17.
Walter Schuler Georg Lehle Eberhardt Weiler Eckehart Klsch 《European journal of immunology》1982,12(2):120-125
The primary antibody response in BALB/c mice to the T-independent bacterial antigen dextran B1355S [alpha(1 leads to 3)dextran] (Dex) was studied by means of isoelectric focusing, hemagglutination and immunodiffusion techniques. In response to a single immunization with 10 micrograms Dex all mice produce specific IgM antibodies. In addition, about 30% of conventionally raised BALB/c and BALB/c nu/ + mice, but 95% of germ-free (GF)-raised normal BALB/c and 100% of athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice produce specific IgG class anti-Dex antibodies. These antibodies include all IgG subclasses, carry predominantly the lambda light chain and the cross-reactive J558 idiotype and are specific for the alpha(1 leads to 3)glucosidic linkage. As compared to athymic and GF-raised mice, conventionally raised mice exhibit only a weak IgG response. The pronounced IgG production of GF-raised mice was not altered when adult mice were removed from their GF environment and housed under conventional conditions for several weeks prior to immunization with Dex. Reconstitution with isolated splenic T cells from conventionally raised, unprimed BALB/c mice reduces the remarkable capacity of BALB/c nu/nu mice to produce IgG anti-Dex antibodies. These findings suggest that the reduced capacity of conventionally raised BALB/c mice to mount an IgG response to the T-independent antigen Dex is due to a T cell-mediated suppressive mechanism which is neonatally induced by contact with environmental, i.e. bacterial, antigens. 相似文献
18.
19.
Molecular genetics of PKU in Eastern Europe: A nonsense mutation associated with haplotype 4 of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Tao Wang Yoshiyuki Okano Randy C. Eisensmith Gyorgy Fekete Dezso Schuler Gyyrgy Berencsi Istvan Nasz Savio L. C. Woo 《Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics》1990,16(1):85-90
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder secondary to a deficiency of hepatic phenyalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Several mutations in thePAH gene have recently been reported, and linkage disequilibrium was observed between RFLP haplotypes and specific mutations. A new molecular lesion has been identified in exon 7 of thePAH gene in a Hungarian PKU patient by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA. The C-to-T transition causes the substitution of Arg243 to a termination codon, and the mutant allele is associated with haplotype 4 of thePAH gene. The mutation is present in two of nine mutant haplotype 4 alleles among Eastern Europeans and is not present among Western Europeans and Asians. The rarity of this mutant allele and its restricted geographic distribution suggest that the mutational event occurred recently on a normal haplotype 4 background in Eastern Europe. 相似文献
20.
Die Anaesthesiologie - 相似文献