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101.
Graphemic Output Buffer (GOB) disorder is defined as difficulty with the serial output of a sequence of letters in the output stage of the spelling process. In their rehabilitation study with a GOB patient, Sage and Ellis (2006) found that improvement on treated words generalised to untreated words from the same orthographic neighbourhoods as treated items, but not to other unrelated words. GOB patients frequently show a bow-shaped accuracy curve across letter positions, where letters at the middle positions are most error-prone. It may be that consistent letters at these middle letter positions across neighbourhoods modulate this effect. Spelling was treated using an Anagram and Copy Treatment (ACT) and generalisation to three untreated sets was examined: (1) neighbours of treated words with shared middle letters (e.g., clock–block), (2) neighbours with different medial position letters (e.g., clock–click), and (3) unrelated words (e.g., clock–puppy). Improvement was found for untreated neighbours with shared middle letters. There was no effect of training on the unrelated word set, and a negative impact on untreated neighbours with changed middle letters after the treatment. We attribute these results to top-down support from learned lexical representations, which facilitate spelling of untreated neighbours with shared middle letters but impede neighbours with changed middle letters. This latter result is attributed to interference from neighbours in the trained set strengthening competing letter representations at middle positions. 相似文献
102.
Sarah Sullivan Glyn Lewis Nicola Wiles Andrew Thompson Jonathan Evans 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(7):1053-1065
Purpose
Both adolescent psychotic experiences and poor social functioning precede psychotic disorder; however, whether poor social functioning is also a risk factor for rather than a consequence of adolescent psychotic experiences is not clear. We investigate this question as well as whether deterioration in social functioning confers the strongest risk of psychotic experiences and whether theory of mind ability mediates any association, in a large community sample.Methods
Measures of social functioning (peer problems and prosocial behaviour) at ages 7 and 11 and theory of mind ability and psychotic experiences at age 12 were collected in a large community sample (n = 3,592). The association between social functioning and psychotic experiences was examined using logistic regression models at each age and any additional impact of deterioration in social functioning between ages 7 and 11. The potential role of theory of mind as a mediator was also investigated.Results
Peer problems at both ages were independently associated with psychotic experiences at age 12 (7 years OR 1.11 95 % CI 1.03, 1.20), (11 years OR 1.13 95 % CI 1.05, 1.22). Theory of mind ability did not mediate this association. The association was not restricted to those with deteriorating social functioning (interaction term; p = 0.49).Conclusions
Poor childhood social functioning precedes adolescent psychotic experiences. There was no evidence that those with deteriorating social functioning were at greatest risk. 相似文献103.
104.
We provide evidence for long-term priming based on view-specific representations of neglected stimuli. A patient with visual neglect, M.P., was asked to search for a target presented amongst other objects on a table. Subsequently recognition memory was tested for items that were identified and for items missed in search. Items that were missed were rejected more slowly than novel items in the recognition memory task, providing evidence for implicit processing (Experiment 1). Implicit memory for missed items was both item-specific (Experiment 2) and view-specific (Experiment 3), and it was eliminated when there were intervening activities lasting about 1 hour (Experiment 4). There was also an implicit memory for distractors in the search task, which was item- but not view-specific (Experiments 2 and 3) and it lasted for at least an hour, even with other intervening activities (Experiment 4). The data suggest that the representations of neglected stimuli may differ qualitatively from those of nonneglected items, with representations of neglected objects being both view-specific and vulnerable across extended retention intervals. The results support the argument that attention is needed in order to encode object representations that are robust to view transformations and temporal decay or interference. 相似文献
105.
In neuropsychological research, it is frequently necessary to compare the performance of a single case with that of a control sample. Recently, there has been a discussion about whether existing methods are adequate in preventing Type 1 errors due to increased variability in the single-case data (Crawford, Garthwaite, Howell, & Gray, 2004; Mitchell, Mycroft, & Kay, 2004; Mycroft, Mitchell, & Kay, 2002) and about the power of any comparisons. In this paper, we propose an extension of the modified t test introduced by Crawford and Howell (1998). We provide Monte Carlo simulations that show that it is possible to increase the power of the modified t test by retesting the single case. We also make available a computer program that implements the method introduced in this paper and that can be used by neuropsychologists to test for a difference between a single case and a control group. We apply our procedure to an example of a patient examined on the "Pyramids and Palm Trees" test. 相似文献
106.
Using CollaboRATE,a brief patient‐reported measure of shared decision making: Results from three clinical settings in the United States 下载免费PDF全文
107.
108.
AJL Jowett SWF Middleton MC Quaye H Chesterfield I Lasrado FM Witham 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(2):e13-e16
We present an unusual case of haematogenous osteomyelitis in the diaphysis of the tibia of an adult leading to a subacute presentation with an extracortical abscess. Fluid from the abscess grew methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on culture; MRSA with the same antibiogram had been grown from the patient’s blood seven years earlier following a bowel resection. Drainage of the abscess and curettage of the bone lesion together with appropriate antibiotic therapy led to resolution of the osteomyelitis. 相似文献
109.
Isoelectric focusing on slabs of acrylamide gel was adapted for the screening of abnormal hemoglobins, the characterization of 70 human variants, and the study of minor fractions of normal hemoglobin. The screening method was as fast and inexpensive as conventional techniques, allowed the simultaneous analysis of some 50 samples of whole blood, and yielded resolution superior to that obtained by other methods with hemolysates. Among the 70 variants, 31 mutants could not be separated from HbS by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The characterization technique of electrofocusing allowed us to distinguish between most variants. Only one mutant, Hb Galveston, could be confused with HbS. Hb Koln, the most frequent unstable mutant, exhibited a special pattern. HbA1C was separated from HbA. Preliminary results indicate that quantitation of HbA1C by gel scanning is feasible. 相似文献
110.
Stem cell factor retards differentiation of normal human erythroid progenitor cells while stimulating proliferation 总被引:5,自引:12,他引:5
Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor, markedly stimulates the accumulation of erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. We now report that SCF delays erythroid differentiation among the progeny of individual erythroid progenitors while greatly increasing the proliferation of these progeny. These effects appear to be independent of an effect on maintenance of cell viability. Highly purified day-6 erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFC), consisting mainly of colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E), were generated from human peripheral blood burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E). Addition of SCF to the ECFC in serum-free liquid culture, together with erythropoietin (EP) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), resulted in a marked increase in DNA synthesis, associated with a delayed peak in cellular benzidine positivity and a delayed incorporation of 59Fe into hemoglobin compared with cultures without SCF. In the presence of SCF, the number of ECFC was greatly expanded during this culture period, and total production of benzidine-positive cells plus hemoglobin synthesis were ultimately increased. To determine the effect of SCF on individual ECFC, single-cell cultures were performed in both semisolid and liquid media. These cultures demonstrated that SCF, in the presence of EP and IGF-1, acted on single cells and their descendants to delay erythroid differentiation while substantially stimulating cellular proliferation, without an enhancement of viability of the initial cells. This was also evident when the effect of SCF was determined using clones of ECFC derived from single BFU-E. Our experiments demonstrate that SCF acts on individual day-6 ECFC to retard erythroid differentiation while simultaneously providing enhanced proliferation by a process apparently independent of an effect on cell viability or programmed cell death. 相似文献