微创手术结合中医辨证施治治疗复杂Pilon骨折

[目的]探讨有限内固定加外固定支架治疗复杂Pilon骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2000年以来，作者采用该方法治疗Pilon骨折78例，男51例，女27例，年龄20～79岁（平均36岁），按Ovadia、Beals分型，Ⅲ型27例，Ⅳ型35例，Ⅴ型16例，新鲜骨折53例，陈旧性骨折25例。闭合性损伤57例，开放性损伤21例。均行手术治疗，采用克氏针、螺丝钉内固定结合外固定支架超踝关节固定，术后1．5～2个月拆除外固定支架、小夹板固定活动踝关节。[结果]术后78例均获得随访，随访1～3年，平均20个月，所有骨折均骨性愈合，2例有约5。左右外翻，3例开放损伤患者因皮肤、软组织挫压明显缺血坏死需Ⅱ期行皮瓣移植修复治疗，4例出现创伤性关节炎症状，需服用非甾体类抗炎药，其中1例行踝关节融合术。功能评定按美国矫形外科足踝协会评分标准进行评分，优良率达87．2％。[结论]有限内固定结合外固定支架能有效、坚强固定骨折端，避免软组织感染和骨不连，是治疗Pilon骨折理想的方法之一。     

神经病理性疼痛老年大鼠海马CA1区突触长时程增强的变化

目的观察神经病理性疼痛老年大鼠海马CA1区突触长时程增强(LTP)的变化。方法老年雄性Wistar大鼠15只,随机均分为三组。模型组,结扎左侧L4/L5脊神经;D-2-氨基-5-磷酸戊酸(AP5)组,侧脑室输注AP5,余同模型组;假手术组,操作同模型组,但不结扎。观察大鼠行为变化,连续3周测定大鼠电痛阈值,1次/周;记录海马CA1区树突层兴奋性突触后膜电位(EPSP)、输入/输出曲线及LTP的变化。结果模型组与AP5组大鼠术后行为异常,术后各时点电痛阈值低于术前值及假手术组相应时点值(P<0.05);三组基础EPSP幅值稳定,最大基础EPSP幅值的50%组间比较差异无统计学意义;模型组LTP高于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论结扎老年大鼠L4/L5脊神经所致的神经病理性疼痛,不干扰海马CA1区突触及锥体细胞兴奋性,但可易化该区突触LTP。     

IGF-1对猪关节软骨细胞合成糖胺多糖的作用

目的观察胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor-1,IGF-1)对猪软骨细胞外分泌基质糖胺多糖(glycosaminoglycan,GAG)含量的影响。方法采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法获得高活性的软骨细胞,定量接种6×106/ml于培养皿,在细胞贴壁后更换培养基时,加入IGF-110ng/ml,每周传代1次,连续5周,留取所有培养液用阿利新蓝法测定软骨细胞外分泌GAG的变化;利用光镜观察原代及传代软骨细胞的生长情况。结果体外培养的软骨细胞传代后合成GAG基质,第二代传代细胞分泌GAG的能力最强;加入IGF-1能明显增强传代软骨细胞合成GAG的能力。结论IGF-1能明显促进体外培养的传代软骨细胞合成GAG基质。     

腹腔镜卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术116例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术的疗效及安全性。方法：回顾分析2006年1月至2008年1月我院行腹腔镜卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术116例患者的临床资料。结果：116例均用腹腔镜完成手术,无一例中转开腹,术后4例出现下腹隐痛。手术时间35～135min,平均（62.0±0.5）min,术中出血5～400ml,平均（38.0±0.5）ml,住院时间4～7d,平均（5.0±0.3）d。结论：腹腔镜卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

腹腔镜肾盂成形术的多模培训模式

目的：介绍一项腹腔镜肾盂成形术（Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty,LP）的多模培训模式,并评价其安全性、可行性和有效性。方法：该多模培训模式包括模拟器、动物模型和手术室培训三部分,5位具有不同开放肾盂成形术和腹腔镜经验的学员参加了这项培训,我们对5个学员参加培训过程中的相关数据和学员独立完成手术的5组LP患者的围手术期数据进行了评价。结果：5位学员均成功地完成了整个培训,并成功地独立完成了5例LP。所有患者手术均未转开放手术,均未输血,无患者死亡。模拟器培训和动物模型培圳所需的时间,学员1（3周,7天）比学员5（4周,8天）少,学员4（2周,6天）比学员2（3周,8天）和学员5（4周,8天）少。在手术室培训中,各学员训练每个手术步骤所需的手术例数相当。5位学员独立完成手术的5组患者手术时间、估计失血量、术后住院时间和围手术期并发症的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：该项多模培训模式是安全、可行和有效的,并适合于没有开放肾盂成形术和腹腔镜经验的学员进行LP培训。     

The influence of ethnicity on Gleason score

BackgroundTo determine if Gleason score exhibits any significant variation between African-Americans and Caucasian men with prostate cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study. Inclusion required diagnosis of prostate cancer and reporting it to the TriHealth tumor registry from 1995–2005. We excluded individuals of any other ethnicity than the two of interest (N = 15) and individuals without a reported Gleason score (N = 82). For each patient we collected data on ethnicity, Gleason score, age, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, insurance status, and surgery. Gleason score was divided into low-grade (1–6) and high-grade disease (7–10). Institutional Review Board approval was obtained prior to data collection.ResultsA total of 1916 patients, (1476 Caucasians, 440 African-Americans) were eligible for inclusion in the study. There was no significance difference between either ethnicity for age, insurance status, and the percentage of men needing a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). There was no difference between either ethnicity for stages 0, 1, and 4. African-Americans were more likely to have stage 2 disease, while Caucasian men possessed more stage 3 disease (p<0.05). African-Americans were significantly more likely to not have any prostate surgery (p<0.05). Caucasian men were more likely to have a prostatectomy. African-American men with prostate cancer were significantly more likely to have a high-grade Gleason score compared to Caucasian men (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.11–1.35).ConclusionAfrican-American race is a predictor of more advanced Gleason score at the time diagnosis of prostate cancer.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

肾移植术后尿瘘分类标准的建立

目的 建立肾移植术后尿瘘分类方法与标准.方法 1993年12月至2009年2月行肾移植术1313例,发生尿瘘102例(7.8%).根据尿道损伤分类原理,按照尿瘘病因、部位、数量及病变程度等分为单纯性和复杂性2类.结果 102例中单纯性尿瘘81例,占79.4%.其中输尿管末端坏死76例、输尿管膀胱吻合口缝合不严4例,伤口感染致吻合口愈合不良1例.复杂性尿瘘21例,占20.6%.其中瘘口部位于肾盂2例、输尿管2例、输尿管膀胱吻合口11例、输尿管坏死段>2 cm 6例.保守疗法治愈34例(33.3%),手术治愈68例(66.7%).死亡3例,占2.9%,死亡原因为尿瘘导致重症肺部感染.结论 建立肾移植术后尿瘘诊治"五步流程"制度,将其分为单纯性和复杂性两类,可使尿瘘诊断更加细致及规范化,有利于选择最佳治疗方案.     

骨盆体位性角度变化三维监测对髋关节置换的临床意义

目的对正常人骨盆体位变动下相应髋臼角度的三维监测观察,为临床上髋关节假体置入的角度判定提供解剖学参考依据。方法对60名受试者于不同体位下进行骨盆侧位X线摄片并进行前倾角监测。摄片体位包括自然站立位、自然仰卧位及屈髋抱膝仰卧位。结果在自然站立位、自然仰卧位及屈髋抱膝仰卧位的前倾角分别为——青年组：64．2°±3．33°,60．6°±3．53°,45．4°±5．69°;老年组：68．0°±3．33°,67．0°±3．92°,55．0°±3．34°。站立位较自然卧位骨盆前倾角差值均数为3．56°（青年组）和3．60°（老年组）。站立位较屈髋抱膝仰卧位骨盆前倾角均数差值为18．8°（青年组）,12．1°（老年组）。结论屈髋抱膝仰卧位较站立位时骨盆前倾角变化显著,使得髋臼窝开口与躯干水平面及矢状面间角度改变较大．会影响关节置换术臼杯置入角度的准确性,因此在临床上应予以重视。     

上颈椎椎管内外哑铃形肿瘤的临床特点及外科治疗

目的探讨上颈椎椎管内外哑铃形肿瘤的临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析本院1999年1月。2007年5月收治的33例上颈椎椎管内外哑铃形肿瘤患者，经颈后外侧入路行肿瘤切除26例，前后联合入路行肿瘤切除7例；20例采用后路钉棒／钉板内固定系统重建，13例未行内固定。结果术后随访6个月～8年，平均18．3个月。多数患者症状改善明显，4例复发，其中2例再次手术。结论上颈椎椎管内外哑铃形肿瘤临床相对少见，手术风险较大。根据肿瘤部位、性质和分期制定合理的手术方案能提高肿瘤切除率，降低术后局部复发率和并发症的发生率。