Potency of inactivated poliovirus vaccines. Correlation between antigenic extinction limit titers in guinea pigs and results obtained in man

Summary Antibody responses to four different inactivated poliovirus vaccines were studied in 617 school children without preimmunization antibodies to any type. The results obtained showed a mathematically definable correlation to the antigenic extinction limit titers in guinea pigs of the same vaccines. The pattern of response to the type 2 antigen differed distinctly from those of types 1 and 3.This study was aided by grants from Konung Gustaf V: s 80-årsfond.     

Studies of the inactivation of poliomyelitis yirus by formaldehyde

Summary The effect upon the rate of formalin-inactivation of poliovirus of formol-binding non-viral material in the medium was studied. It was found that purified virus of types 1 and 3 were inactivated at the same rate as the corresponding crude material. The purified type 2 virus, however, appeared to be more sensitive than the untreated virus. No definite conclusions should be drawn until this has been confirmed in further studies.Addition of glycine to the medium had a clear-cut retarding effect, reaching appreciable magnitude at molarities of 0.2 or higher.In confirmation of earlier findings the course of inactivation seemed to followGard'a empirical formula. Calculation of the parameters of the equation and a discussion of their singnificance was attempted.     

Rapid identification and subtyping of herpes simplex virus by complement-dependent cytotoxicity.

A simple method for rapid identification and subtyping of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens is presented. Inoculated cultures demonstrating cytopathic changes were treated with type-specific cytotoxic antisera against herpes simplex virus and complement. Lysis of cells was revealed by staining with trypan blue. The technique allowed identification and subtyping of herpes simplex virus within 2 h after the appearance of CPE.     

Immune reactivity of Visna virus-inoculated mice.

Visna virus inoculation of mice before immunization with unrelated antigens caused suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The immunosuppressive effect was dependent on the virus dose and time of administration. The number of "background" antibody-producing spleen cells increased slightly after inoculation of Visna virus. Heat treatment of Visna virus abolished its immunosuppressive effect. Replication of Visna virus in mice seemed to be a prerequisite for its immunomodulating effect.     

West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, New York State, 2000

West Nile (WN) virus was found throughout New York State in 2000, with the epicenter in New York City and surrounding counties. We tested 3,403 dead birds and 9,954 mosquito pools for WN virus during the transmission season. Sixty-three avian species, representing 30 families and 14 orders, tested positive for WN virus. The highest proportion of dead birds that tested positive for WN virus was in American Crows in the epicenter (67% positive, n=907). Eight mosquito species, representing four genera, were positive for WN virus. The minimum infection rate per 1,000 mosquitoes (MIR) was highest for Culex pipiens in the epicenter: 3.53 for the entire season and 7.49 for the peak week of August 13. Staten Island had the highest MIR (11.42 for Cx. pipiens), which was associated with the highest proportion of dead American Crows that tested positive for WN virus (92%, n=48) and the highest number of human cases (n=10).     

Laser ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma-A review

A wide range of local thermal ablative therapies have been developed in the treatment of non resectable hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） in the last decade.Laser ablation（LA） and radiofrequency ablation（RFA） are the two most widely used of these.This article provides an up to date overview of the role of laser ablation in the local treatment of HCC.General principles,technique,image guidance and patient selection are discussed.A review of published data on treatment efficacy,long term outcome and complication rates of laser ablation is included and comparison with RFA made.The role of laser ablation in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation is also discussed.     

Ages of Epiphyseal Union Around Wrist Joint - A Radiological Study

Age is an important parameter for medico-legal cases. Many times doctors are called upon togive opinion about age of a person. For this objective methods of age determination are required. Age of epiphyseal union is an objective important method of age determination. But these ages varies with racial, geographic, climatic and various other factors. These variations have suggested need of separate standards of ossification for separate regions.Present work is undertaken to work out ages of epiphyseal union around wrist joint for Vidarbha region. Study is carried out in total 80 healthy subjects (44 girls and 36 boys) aging from 13 to 23 years &; having length of residence in Vidarbha not less than 10 years. The chronological age upto the day of examination is determined &; A-P view of right wrist joint is taken in each case. These radiographs are studied to determine age of union of epiphyses of lower end of radius &; lower end of ulna. These ages are compared with those reported from various states of India &; also from other countries &; found to vary appreciably. Sexual dimorphism for ages of epiphyseal union is also studied.     

Different populations of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C discriminated by the carbohydrate-binding characteristics of N-acetylgalactosamine specific lectins (soybean and helix pomatia)

Summary From the herpes simplex virus specified glycoprotein C two fractions were isolated with affinity either for Helix pomatia lectin (HPA) or soybean lectin (SBA). The data indicated that HPA and SBA, despite their mutual main specificity for N-acetylgalactosamine, recognize structurally different gC populations.With 4 Figures