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91.
Comparison of the cost and effectiveness of two strategies for maintaining hepatitis B immunity in hemodialysis patients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A decision-analysis model was developed to compare the strategies to maintain hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunity in hemodialysis patients who responded to the primary HBV vaccine. Our hypothesis is that the routine, annual administration of the vaccine booster to all hemodialysis patients (non-screening strategy) is more cost-effective than the current strategy of vaccination based on anti-HBs titers (screening strategy). Under baseline assumptions, the screening strategy was less costly and was associated with fewer HBV infections than the non-screening strategy. The results of our model did not support our hypothesis, and indicate that regularly screening patients for HBV immunity before revaccination is less costly and more effective than the empiric vaccination of hemodialysis patients. 相似文献
92.
93.
Shukla V Hayman LA Ly C Fuller G Taber KH 《Journal of computer assisted tomography》2002,26(6):1069-1074
This is the first of two articles designed to provide user-friendly schematics of the adult dural vascular anatomy. It describes the intrinsic meningeal arteries and veins of the skull base/cranial vault and the dural partitions (the tentorium, falx cerebelli, and falx cerebri). The discussion of this anatomy is supplemented by illustrative pathologic insights. The second article focuses on the dural sinuses and their remaining tributaries from the brain, diplo?, and emissary veins from the extracranial soft tissues. This information will assist in interpreting neuroimaging studies, communications with clinicians, and teaching of this difficult subject. 相似文献
94.
95.
96.
Phorbol ester-sensitive EL4 murine thymoma cells respond to phorbol 12-
myristate 13-acetate with activation of ERK mitogen-activated protein
kinases, synthesis of interleukin-2, and death, whereas phorbol ester-
resistant variants of this cell line do not exhibit these responses.
Additional aspects of the resistant phenotype were examined, using a
newly-established resistant cell line. Phorbol ester induced morphological
changes, ERK activation, calcium-dependent activation of the c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK), interleukin-2 synthesis, and growth inhibition in
sensitive but not resistant cells. A series of protein kinase C activators
caused membrane translocation of protein kinase C's (PKCs) alpha, eta, and
theta in both cell lines. While PKC eta was expressed at higher levels in
sensitive than in resistant cells, overexpression of PKC eta did not
restore phorbol ester-induced ERK activation to resistant cells. In
sensitive cells, PKC activators had similar effects on cell viability and
ERK activation, but differed in their abilities to induce JNK activation
and interleukin-2 synthesis. PD 098059, an inhibitor of the mitogen
activated protein (MAP)/ERK kinase kinase MEK, partially inhibited ERK
activation and completely blocked phorbol ester-induced cell death in
sensitive cells. Thus MEK and/or ERK activation, but not JNK activation or
interleukin-2 synthesis, appears to be required for phorbol ester-induced
toxicity. Alterations in phorbol ester response pathways, rather than
altered expression of PKC isoforms, appear to confer phorbol ester
resistance to EL4 cells.
相似文献
97.
HM Karaka F Tokoglu M Kacar S Boyacigil 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》1997,41(2):179-180
A 54-year-old man with a unilocular hydatid cyst within the infero-posterior angle of the orbit and a 6-year-old male child with a unilocular hydatid cyst within the supero-medial angle of the orbit are presented. The retrobulbar cysts were diagnosed with computed tomography and ultrasonography and were treated after serologic confirmation. 相似文献
98.
HM Goodyear JC Moore-Gillon EH Price VF Larcher MO Savage CB Wood 《Archives of disease in childhood》1993,69(2):229-231
Childhood tuberculosis is perceived by many as a disease of the past. Experience in a children's hospital serving a deprived population suggested that tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections were not declining in clinical practice. Fifty three tuberculous and 11 atypical mycobacterial infections were identified between 1978 and 1992. There was no decline in tuberculosis and nine of the 11 atypical infections occurred in the last five years. Altogether 40% of cases of tuberculosis were in non-Asian children; 32% had arrived in the UK or visited family overseas in the previous year; and 38% had a history of tuberculosis contact, usually a close adult relative. Nationally, the previous decline in tuberculosis in all ages has reversed. In the local health districts in London's east end, childhood tuberculosis has also stopped declining and seems to be increasing. It is regrettable that BCG vaccination has been abolished by some districts in the UK, against current recommendations. Childhood tuberculosis is still common in the practice described here, including among children who do not fall into conventionally recognised high risk groups. Inner city dwellers and junior doctors are both highly mobile populations, adding to the risk that paediatricians, particularly those in training, may encounter tuberculosis with little or no previous experience of the condition. 相似文献
99.
This paper explores the role of milk-based formulae in achieving four aspects of nutritional health in infants and toddlers: in the suckling, to mimic the amino acid metabolism and the faecal flora of a breast-fed baby; in the weanling, to achieve adequate protein intakes in later infancy and beyond and to achieve satisfactory haemoglobin concentrations in the early toddler years. Milk-based formulae have two roles in infant nutrition: as so-called breast milk substitutes and as a safety net during the weaning period; the latter role may be the more important. 相似文献
100.
MB Viana M Murao G Ramos HM Oliveira RI de Carvalho M de Bastos EA Colosimo WS Silvestrini 《Archives of disease in childhood》1994,71(4):304-310
One hundred and twenty eight Brazilian children with lymphoblastic leukaemia were intensively treated with a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munich based protocol. More children had a white cell count above 50 x 10(9)/l (31%) then observed in developed countries. After a median follow up of 31 months (11-58 months), the estimated probability of relapse free survival was 41% (7%) for the whole group. After adjustment in the Cox's multivariate model, malnutrition was the most significant adverse factor affecting duration of complete remission. Age above 8 years and high peripheral white cell count were also significant adverse factors. Among the nutritional indices, the height for age and weight for age z scores were both significant, whether the cut off points of z-2 or z = -1.28 were chosen to define malnutrition. A strong statistical association between the two indices was found; the contribution of height for age z score to the prediction of relapse free survival was more significant. Children with height for age z score < -2 had a relapse risk of 8.2 (95% confidence interval 3.1 to 21.9) relative to children with z score > -2. The results of this study suggest that socioeconomic and nutritional factors should be considered in the prognostic evaluation of children with leukaemia in developing countries. 相似文献