低温预防周围神经缺血再灌注损伤的形态学研究

采用暂时阻断家兔髂总动脉起始处的血流的实验模型,观察用降温方法预防坐有神经的缺血再灌注损伤（缺血４小时,再灌注５小时）的形态学变化,结果显示：神经的缺血再灌注损伤在低温下较常温下明显轻微,提示降温可预防周围神经缺血再灌注损伤。     

风轮菜的化学成分研究

从止血中药风轮菜中分得５个化合物,经光谱及化学方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别为香蜂草苷、柚皮素－７－芸香糖苷、江户樱花苷、异樱花素和β－谷雷醇,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ为首次从该植物中分得。     

聚乳酸-三亚甲基碳酸酯可吸收性导管治疗周围神经缺损的实验研究

介绍聚乳酸－三亚甲基碳酸酯 ［Ｐ （ＬＡ－ＴＭＣ）］ 可吸收性导管用于治疗神经缺损的实验研究。以Ｐ （ＬＡ－ＴＭＣ） 导管桥接鼠坐骨神经７ ｍ ｍ 缺损, 术后定期分别取导管及周围组织和鼠心、肝、肾标本送检。结果表明： Ｐ（ＬＡ－ＴＭＣ） 导管在体内 （长度、内径和外径等） 随时间逐渐降解吸收, 在体内可导致局部炎症反应, 但对局部组织及全身重要器官（心、肝、肾） 无严重损害, 初步证明了Ｐ（ＬＡ－ＴＭＣ） 可吸收性导管应用于临床周围神经缺损治疗的可能性     

经皮球囊扩张术治疗27例二尖瓣再狭窄效果研究

目的 探讨经皮球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣再狭窄的临床效果。方法 对１９例闭式扩张术二尖瓣再狭窄（ＭＲＳ）。和经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＴＭＣ）后ＭＲＳ患者再次施行ＰＴＭＣ。结果 两组二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）分别增加７１％和７８％。闭式扩张术后经再次ＰＴＭＣ,ＭＶＡ从（１．３５±０．３４）ｃｍ＾２提高到（２．３１±０．３２）ｃｍ＾２,左房压（ＬＡＰ）由（２．３１±１．１０）ｋＰａ降至（１．２７±０．８７）ｋＰ     

丹参及生脉液对阿霉素所致大鼠肾小球硬化的实验性治疗作用

观察丹参及生脉液对阿霉素所致 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠肾小球硬化实验性治疗作用。摘除大鼠左肾７ ｄ 后,尾静脉注射阿霉素（６ ｍ ｇ·ｋｇ － １） 。隔日腹腔注射丹参及生脉液,８ 周后处死大鼠。观察血红蛋白（ Ｈｂ） 、血尿素氮（ Ｂ Ｕ Ｎ） 、胆固醇（ Ｃｈ） 及２４ ｈ 尿蛋白含量; Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 法测定肾皮质Ⅳ型胶原（ Ⅳｃｏｌ ．） 及层粘连蛋白（ Ｌ Ｎ） ;用免疫组化法,计算机图象分析肾小球系膜区Ⅳｃｏｌ ．及 Ｌ Ｎ 含量。结果显示：模型丹参及模型生脉液组肾皮质、肾小球系膜区Ⅳｃｏｌ．及 Ｌ Ｎ 含量明显低于模型对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ,高于正常对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） 。提示丹参及生脉液能减轻阿霉素所致肾小球硬化的程度。     

脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化的超声研究

通过对脑梗塞、脑出血和非脑卒中3组患者颈动脉多普勒超声显像(DUS)检查,发现颈动脉粥样硬化(CA)性率分别为70%、63.3%和36.7%,各组病变程度较轻,但脑梗塞组病变程度相对较重,脑出血组CA阳性率与脑梗塞组相似,但斑块积分低于后者(P<0.05).结果提示我国中老年人CA发生率较高,只是病变程度较轻,与同侧脑梗塞密切相关;脑出血患者虽CA病变较轻,但发生率亦高.     

经输血传播病毒的前瞻性调查

目的了解我国供血员、受血者中经输血传播病毒（ＴＴＶ）感染率,及经输血传播ＴＴＶ的发生率。方法对１３０例输血者进行ＴＴＶ以及ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ血清标志物检测,其相应的供血者也检查ＴＴＶ。结果３４０例供血员中有３６例（１０．６％）可检测到ＴＴＶ－ＤＮＡ。１３０例受血者输血前有１１例（８．５％）ＴＴＶ阳性,其余１１９例输血后有１８例ＴＴＶ转为阳性,在他们的供血中至少可查到一份ＴＴＶ阳性。４６例输血后肝炎病毒感染者中,其中有４５例为ＨＣＶ感染（包括７例与ＴＴＶ混合感染）,２例为ＨＢＶ感染（包括与ＨＣＶ、ＴＴＶ混合感染各１例）。ＴＴＶ与ＨＢＶ混合感染以及７例ＴＴＶ与ＨＣＶ混合感染中有３例的受血者ＡＬＴ＞９０Ｕ／Ｌ,但是１０例单纯ＴＴＶ感染者,仅有２例伴有轻微的ＡＬＴ增高。结论供血员及住院病人中有较高的ＴＴＶ感染率,单纯ＴＴＶ感染与ＡＬＴ显著升高似乎并无关联。     

Mitral valve replacement in the presence of massive posterior annular calcification

Replacement of the mitral valve in the presence of extensive calcification of the posterior annulus is a technical challenge. The heavily calcified annulus often results in difficulties of seating the prosthesis and later periprosthetic leakage. A radical calcium debridement may leave a friable and thin annulus that contributes to the risks of prosthesis dehiscence and ventricular perforation. To avoid technical difficulties and associated catastrophic complications, we devised a new technique of mitral valve replacement that allows a surgeon to implant a prosthesis securely. This technique involves inserting a larger single tilting disc mechanical valve (Medtronic Hall disc) with intra-atrial anchorage over the posterior sector of the calcified annulus, orienting the working (major) orifice of the mechanical valve anteriorly, and thereby tilting the lesser occluder segment of the disc upward into the atrium and away from the calcification in diastole. By utilizing this method, we have successfully performed mitral valve replacement in two patients who exhibited massive calcification of the posterior mitral annulus. Postoperative transeosophageal echocardiography showed excellent hemodynamic performance of the implanted valves. We therefore recommend this simple, safe, and time-saving procedure as a feasible method to deal with this surgical dilemma.     

大鼠大脑中动脉缺血和再灌注后环氧合酶-2mRNA表达的研究

目的研究大鼠大脑中动脉缺血和再灌注模型中环氧合酶－２（ＣＯＸ－２）基因的表达。方法原位杂交方法。结果缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌注组,血流再通４ｈ后缺血区的大脑皮层有很强的表达并持续２４ｈ。缺血９０ｍｉｎ再灌注组和持续缺血组在缺血区以外的广泛大脑皮层显著表达,在海马的齿状回两侧及纹状体也发现表达。ＣＯＸ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达可被ＭＫ－８０１抑制。而ＮＢＱＸ和倍他米松对其表达没有影响。结论在缺血区、缺血周边部、缺血远隔区有ＮＭＤＡ受体介导的ＣＯＸ－２表达,阐明上述区域花生四烯酸代谢活性化     

Long-range GABAergic projection in a circuit essential for vocal learning

The anterior forebrain pathway (AFP) in the passerine song system is essential for song learning but not for song production. Several lines of evidence suggest that area X, a major nucleus in the AFP, forms part of the avian striatum. A key feature of striatal projection neurons is that they use the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Some area X neurons express GABA-like immunoreactivity, but the neurotransmitter phenotype of the projection neurons is largely unknown. To determine whether area X projection neurons are GABAergic, we used immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy to examine whether these neurons in adult male zebra finches express the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). We observed numerous large and small GAD+ somata in area X, and dense GAD+ terminals, but no GAD+ somata in the target of area X, the medial nucleus of the dorsolateral thalamus (DLM). The density of GAD+ terminals in DLM was strongly reduced by ibotenic acid lesions of area X. After tracer injection into the DLM, all of the retrogradely labeled neurons in area X were GAD+. After tracer injection into area X, the vast majority of anterogradely labeled terminals in DLM were GAD+. We conclude that area X neurons projecting to DLM express GAD and are thus likely GABAergic. If this projection is indeed inhibitory, information processing in the AFP is substantially more complicated than previously realized. Moreover, because a GABAergic projection to a thalamic target is reminiscent of pallidal rather than of striatal circuitry, area X may contain both striatal and pallidal components.