How to use noninvasive positive airway pressure device data reports to guide clinical care

There has been a significant increase in the past few decades in the number of children receiving noninvasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy at home. At present, PAP therapy can be successfully used in children of all ages, for a variety of indications. Data acquired from PAP devices is clinically useful, providing objective information regarding adherence, leak, and efficacy of PAP therapy. However, guidelines outlining a standardized approach to interpretation of PAP device data in pediatrics is currently lacking. Given the rapidly expanding use of PAP therapy in pediatric practice, we aim to provide an overview of the interpretation of data reports, otherwise called “data downloads,” from PAP devices and illustrate how they can be used to guide clinical care.     

Fathering across contexts: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in predicting toddler emotion regulation

Caregivers play an integral role in promoting children's emotion regulation, while children's individual physiology affects how they respond to the caregiving environment. Relatively little is known about how fathering influences toddler emotion regulation, particularly within African American and low-income communities, where risk related to the development of emotion regulation is higher. This study investigated relations among fathering, toddler parasympathetic regulation, and toddler emotion regulation in a sample of 92 families. Fathering was assessed during two interactions: engagement following a stressor during a triadic task and a dyadic play task. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (resting and reactivity) was obtained as an index of toddler parasympathetic arousal. Findings demonstrated an association between fathers’ engagement poststressor and toddler emotion regulation. Toddler RSA moderated this association: toddlers with elevated levels of resting RSA benefitted from parenting engagement following a stressor. Fathering during play did not relate to toddler emotion regulation. The importance of fathering and physiologic contexts in early regulatory development is discussed.     

Characterization of microsatellite markers from the commodity species Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille and the Christmas Island blue crab (Discoplax celeste)

Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, the blue land crab, is overharvested throughout its range, resulting in harvesting regulations in multiple countries/protectorates. A lack of polymorphic markers hampers genetic-based conservation for the species. Here, we present 13 loci, eight of which are polymorphic in the heavily collected populations of C. guanhumi on Andros Island, The Bahamas. Overharvesting of Androsian crabs may have reduced diversity, so both monomorphic and polymorphic loci are presented. Five of the loci were found to be polymorphic in Discoplax celeste, the Christmas Island blue crab.