兔肋软骨脱细胞基质的制备

背景：研究表明新西兰兔软骨组织可作为组织工程支架材料,其中关节软骨及耳软骨的脱细胞基质的研究较多,但采用肋软骨作为组织工程软骨支架的研究较少。 目的：制备新西兰兔肋软骨脱细胞基质,探讨天然软骨支架作为组织工程支架的可行性。 方法：用联合去垢剂-酶法获得软骨支架,根据脱细胞过程中Triton X-100第2次处理时间0,24,48,96 h分为4组。脱细胞完毕后各组支架固定行扫描电镜采集图像观察计算支架孔隙率、孔径长度,并对支架进行苏木精-伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色,并将脱细胞支架植入异体新西兰兔皮下观察其相容性。 结果与结论：兔肋软骨脱细胞基质呈乳白色,大小均一,染色示支架结构完整,仍保存大量酸性黏多糖及Ⅱ型胶原成分,扫描电镜观察经一定时间的脱细胞处理后可得到结构完整,孔隙均匀的天然软骨支架,其孔隙率为(61.31±8.45) %;孔径长度为(32.80±5.15) μm,符合正态性分布,各组脱细胞支架植入异体新西兰兔皮下7 d后生物相容性良好,周围软组织无明显充血、化脓等炎症排斥反应出现。结果显示,兔肋软骨脱细胞支架具有良好的基质组成,有较完整、均匀的孔隙结构及孔径分布,可作为组织工程支架材料。     

辐照灭菌冷冻干燥羊膜修复碱烧伤

背景：经辐照灭菌的冷冻干燥羊膜便于保存和使用,但羊膜经这种方式处理后其活性是否会降低、其临床疗效是否会受到影响至今仍鲜有报道。 目的：观察辐照灭菌后的冷冻干燥羊膜对兔角膜碱烧伤的修复作用。 方法：取健康成年白兔9只,均用1 mol/L 氢氧化钠烧伤角膜后,左侧眼设为羊膜组植入辐照灭菌后的冷冻干燥的羊膜,右侧眼设为对照组不植入羊膜。植入后30 d内裂隙灯显微镜每日观察角膜透明度、角膜新生血管及角膜上皮修复情况。 结果与结论：羊膜植入后30 d,羊膜组角膜透明度、新生血管及角膜上皮修复情况明显优于对照组(P < 0.05),角膜上皮愈合好,基质纤维排列更为整齐,炎细胞浸润程度轻,新生血管更少。结果证实,兔角膜碱烧伤后植入辐照灭菌后的冷冻干燥羊膜可减轻角膜炎性反应,促进角膜上皮修复,减少角膜新生血管形成。     

一氧化氮与白细胞精子症不育的关系探讨

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)与白细胞精子症不育的关系。方法　参照WHO标准方法 ,进行精液常规分析。采用过氧化物酶染色法检测精液中白细胞密度。用改良的低渗肿胀法检测精子细胞膜的完整性。采用镀铜镉还原荧光法 ,检测精液中NO代谢产物硝酸盐 (NO 3 )。结果　白细胞精子症不育组白细胞的密度为 (1.4 8± 0 .90 )× 10 9/L ,NO水平为 (10 3.5± 2 .0 ) μmol/L ,显著高于正常生育组的(0 .73± 0 .2 8)× 10 9/L和 (41.6± 1.8) μmol/L (P分别为<0 .0 5和 <0 .0 0 1)。精子的活动率、精子速度试验 (SVT)及精子头、尾部膜完整率 ,均明显低于生育组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而精子的死亡率则显著高于生育组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　NO水平与白细胞密度呈正相关 ;与精子的活动率、SVT及精子头、尾膜的完整率呈负相关。表明当精液中的白细胞增高时 ,可产生过量的NO导致精子中毒受损使精子的受精能力下降     

Thyrolipoma and thyrolipomatosis: 5 case reports and historical review of the literature

Because thyrolipoma (adenolipoma of thyroid) and thyrolipomatosis (diffuse lipomatosis of thyroid) are distinctively rare conditions with only few cases reported in the literature, we are reporting 5 additional cases. All the 5 patients were adult females, with ages from 38 to 79 years, who presented with thyroid masses. Four of the patients had normal thyroid function tests and one had mild hypothyroidism. All patients received partial or total thyroidectomy. The thyroid specimens showed either circumscribed yellow-tan masses (cases 1, 2, and 3) or diffuse yellow-brown discoloration (cases 4 and 5). Histologic examination revealed abundant mature fat infiltrating the affected thyroid tissue in 3 distinct patterns: (1) fat infiltration limited to follicular adenomas (thyrolipoma); (2) fat diffusely infiltrating throughout the thyroid gland (thyrolipomatosis); or (3) fat infiltration involving both follicular adenoma and their surrounding thyroid tissue. Because of the rarity of thyroid fat-containing lesions, confusion in differential diagnosis may occasionally occur. It is important to be aware during frozen section that these lesions may present as extrathyroidal nodules, which can be radioactive on intraoperative scan for parathyroid glands. In addition, a papillary thyroid carcinoma was also identified in one case of thyrolipomatosis. All patients recovered well after surgery and there has been no recurrence of the lesions after 1 to 24 years of clinical follow-up. In summary, we are reporting 5 rare cases of thyrolipoma and thyrolipomatosis with distinct histologic patterns. Previously reported cases of thyrolipomatosis were reviewed and analyzed with the current cases.     

糖尿病对内皮祖细胞移植促血管新生作用的影响

背景：内皮祖细胞为血管新生的前体细胞,通过促血管新生作用治疗糖尿病血管病变有着良好的前景。 目的：探讨糖尿病对内皮祖细胞移植治疗缺血性疾病过程中促血管新生作用的影响。 方法：制备糖尿病大鼠模型,提取糖尿病和正常大鼠供体骨髓单个核细胞体外定向培养为内皮祖细胞。同时建立糖尿病及正常大鼠下肢缺血模型,并于缺血病变部位局部移植糖尿病或正常大鼠内皮祖细胞或PBS进行对照。移植后定期应用ELISA方法检测病变部位血管内皮生长因子含量,应用免疫组化方法计数病变部位微血管密度。 结果与结论：①受体相同,移植物不同时：移植糖尿病大鼠来源或正常大鼠来源内皮组细胞后,下肢缺血组织中血管内皮生长因子水平及微血管密度比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②移植物相同,受体不同时：正常大鼠移植内皮祖细胞后下肢缺血组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子含量和微血管密度均高于糖尿病组。说明在体外定向培养和病变部位局部注射条件下,糖尿病对骨髓来源内皮祖细胞移植促血管新生作用无明显影响,而对血管新生所处的病变部位微环境有明显影响。     

Electrocortical processing of social signals of threat in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by avoidance, emotional numbing, increased arousal and hypervigilance for threat following a trauma. Thirty-three veterans (19 with PTSD, 14 without PTSD) who had experienced combat trauma while on deployment in Iraq and/or Afghanistan completed an emotional faces matching task while electroencephalography was recorded. Vertex positive potentials (VPPs) elicited by happy, angry and fearful faces were smaller in veterans with versus without PTSD. In addition, veterans with PTSD exhibited smaller late positive potentials (LPPs) to angry faces and greater intrusive symptoms predicted smaller LPPs to fearful faces in the PTSD group. Veterans with PTSD were also less accurate at identifying angry faces, and accuracy decreased in the PTSD group as hyperarousal symptoms increased. These findings show reduced early processing of emotional faces, irrespective of valence, and blunted prolonged processing of social signals of threat in conjunction with impaired perception for angry faces in PTSD.     

Is multiple SNP testing in BRCA2 and BRCA1 female carriers ready for use in clinical practice? Results from a large Genetic Centre in the UK

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are major breast cancer susceptibility genes. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 18 loci have been associated with breast cancer. We aimed to determine whether these predict breast cancer incidence in women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers identified through the Manchester genetics centre between 1996 and 2011 were included. Using published odds ratios (OR) and risk allele frequencies, we calculated an overall breast cancer risk SNP score (OBRS) for each woman. The relationship between OBRS and age at breast cancer onset was investigated using the Cox proportional hazards model, and predictive ability assessed using Harrell's C concordance statistic. In BRCA1 mutation carriers we found no association between OBRS and age at breast cancer onset: OR for the lowest risk quintile compared to the highest was 1.20 (95% CI 0.82–1.75, Harrell's C = 0.54), but in BRCA2 mutation carriers the association was significant (OR for the lowest risk quintile relative to the highest was 0.47 (95% CI 0.33–0.69, Harrell's C = 0.59). The 18 validated breast cancer SNPs differentiate breast cancer risks between women with BRCA2 mutations, but not BRCA1. It may now be appropriate to use these SNPs to help women with BRCA2 mutations make maximally informed decisions about management options.