壮族骨盆的体质人类学调查

目的：为掌握壮族骨盆的结构特点并向临床应用提供骨盆的形态学资料,作者对来源于壮族居民世代聚居地区,生前资料比较完整可靠的壮族成人骨盆标本100例,进行体质人类学调查。方法：采用国际标准进行了28项线性测量。结果：得到了壮族成年男女骨盆各50例较系统的形态学资料及12项指数。对壮族骨盆与其他不同种族、民族的骨盆作了比较,并对壮族骨盆的特点及有关临床问题进行了讨论。     

地砷病患者部分生化指标的测定

对病区地砷病、非地砷病患者及对照组居民体内的部分生化指标进行了检测。结果表明,地砷病患者血清中的ＧＰＴ活性、ＵＮ和ＳＡ含量明显高于对照组,ＬＤＨ及ＧＳＨＰｘ活性明显降低;病区非地砷病患者ＬＤＨ活性、ＳＡ含量明显升高,ＧＳＨＰｘ活性明显降低,其它各组及各指标与对照组相比无显著差异。相关分析显示,病区病人组及非病人组血中ＳＡ含量与各自尿砷水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０５０,ｒ＝０４６）,ＧＳＨＰｘ与尿砷呈负相关（ｒ＝－０５１,ｒ＝－０４８）。提示,ＳＡ和ＧＳＨＰｘ可作为砷中毒的早期诊断指标。砷可能对接砷居民肝功、肾功产生一定影响。     

空勤与地勤人员硒代谢平衡的研究

目的：为了解空勤与地勤人员的硒摄入,吸收和排泄量,以及硒代谢的差异,进一步做好空勤与地勤人员的营养保障,方法：用双盘法在３ｄ自由进食条件下对３６名空勤人员进行了硒代谢平衡的研究,并以３６名地勤人员作为对照,结果：空勤组的硒摄入量（５９．８５μｇ．ｄ＾－１）尿硒排泄量（３０．８４μｇ．ｄ＾－１）,表现吸收量（３９．２７μｇ．ｄ＾－１）和全血硒（９８．９１ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１）均高于地勤组（４５．９６μｇ     

铁路危险品货运站空气污染指标的探讨

铁路危险品货运站（危货站）空气污染物种类多,空气污染严重,为探讨对其监测和评价的综合性能指标和方法,采用空气耗氧量（ＡＯＤ）和ＳＯＳ致遗传毒性原位监测法（ＳＯＳ原位法）,分别对危货站空气污染进行了研究。结果表明,危货站中各点所测ＡＯＤ值与对照区ＡＯＤ值,在统计学上差异均有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＳＯＳ原位法显示,随采样体积的增加,β－半乳糖苷酶的量也增加,采样体积与酶诱导率之间存在剂量－反应关系。     

Mechanisms of perceptual learning

Systematic measurements of perceptual learning were performed in the presence of external or stimulus noise. In the new external noise method (Dosher, B, & Lu, Z.-L. (1997). Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 38, S687; Lu, Z.-L., & Dosher, B. (1998). Vision Research, 38, 1183-1198), increasing amounts of external noise (white Gaussian random noise) is added to the visual stimulus in order to identify mechanisms of perceptual learning. Performance improved (threshold contrast was reduced) over days of practice on a peripheral orientation discrimination task--labelling Gabor patches as tilted slightly to the right or left. Practice improvements were largely specific to the trained quadrant of the display. Performance improved at all levels of external noise. The external noise method and perceptual template model (PTM) of the observer identifies the mechanism(s) of performance improvements as due to stimulus enhancement, external noise exclusion, or internal noise suppression. The external noise method was further extended by measuring thresholds at two threshold performance levels, allowing identification of mixtures in the PTM model. Perceptual learning over 8-10 days improved the filtering or exclusion of external noise by a factor of two or more, and improved suppression of additive internal noise--equivalent to stimulus enhancement--by 50% or more. Coupled improvements in external noise exclusion and stimulus enhancement in the PTM model may reflect channel weighting. Perceptual learning may not reflect neural plasticity at the level of basic visual channels, nor cognitive adjustments of strategy, but rather plasticity at an intermediate level of weighting inputs to decision.     

3 124例各类斜视手术的分布调查

目的：了解临床各类斜视手术的分布情况,以掌握最常见斜视手术分布数据。方法：３年３１２４例斜视手术资料的统计分析。结果：共同性斜视的手术２６２９例占８４．２％。麻痹性斜视的手术４９５例占１５．８％。共同性外科视的手术１７７９例占６７．７％。先天性麻痹性斜视手术中先天性上斜肌麻痹手术量占第一位。后天性麻痹性斜视手术中外直肌麻痹手术量占第一位。结论：最常见的斜视手术是共同性斜视。共同性外斜视的手术量最大     

新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入术临床分析

为探讨新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入的效果,观察了２３例２４只眼。其中老年性白内障１８眼,外伤性白内障６眼。其中包括１３眼行二期植入术。病例随访时间２个月至２年。结果：２４只眼中,１７眼（７０．８３％）视力恢复至４．５或４．５以上,５眼（２０．８３％）恢复至５．０或５．０以上。结论：新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入术操作简单,安全、有效     

Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs

Antioxidants attenuate noncholinergic airway constriction. To further investigate the relationship between tachykinin-mediated airway constriction and oxygen radicals, we explored citric acid-induced bronchial constriction in 48 young Hartley strain guinea-pigs, divided into six groups: control; citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + phosphoramidon + citric acid; dimethylthiourea (DMTU) + citric acid; and DMTU + phosphoramidon + citric acid. Hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes and DMTU are scavengers of oxygen radicals while phosphoramidon is an inhibitor of the major degradation enzyme for tachykinins. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Each animal was given 50 breaths of 4 ml saline or citric acid aerosol. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 (FEV0.1), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30) to evaluate the degree of airway constriction. Citric acid, but not saline, aerosol inhalation caused marked decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating marked airway constriction. This constriction was significantly attenuated by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or by DMTU. In addition, phosphoramidon significantly reversed the attenuating action of hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes, but not that of DMTU. Citric acid aerosol inhalation caused increases in both lucigenin- and t-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence counts, indicating citric acid-induced increase in oxygen radicals and decrease in antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These alterations were significantly suppressed by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or DMTU. An elastase inhibitor eglin-c also significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction, indicating the contributing role of elastase in this type of constriction. We conclude that both oxygen radicals and elastase play an important role in tachykinin-mediated, citric acid-induced airway constriction.     

The effect of pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dapsone in rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on the interconversion pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dapsone. To determine microsomal CYP3A activity and protein, eight rats (4 PCN, 4 corn oil) received a 1 mg kg(-1) intravenous bolus dose of dapsone, followed by blood and urine sampling. The formation clearance of dapsone hydroxylamine (CLf DDS-NOH) was calculated from the obtained samples. Interconversion pharmacokinetics estimates were obtained after 10 rats (5 PCN, 5 control) received 1 mg kg(-1) dapsone or 1.17 mg kg(-1) monoacetyldapsone, with a 24-h wash-out. Results from the interconversion analysis demonstrated that PCN significantly increased systemic clearance (CLs) of dapsone, but not its interconversion. The in-vivo/in-vitro correlation study demonstrated that PCN significantly increased CLs of dapsone (8.55 to 16.39mLmin(-1); P<0.01) and CLf DDS-NOH (0.13 to 0.18mLmin(-1); P<0.01). PCN treatment produced a 69% increase in CYP3A protein, and increased 6beta- and 2beta-hydroxytestosterone formation rates. Significant correlations were found between CLf DDS-NOH and either 6beta- (r2 = 0.925), 2beta-hydroxytestosterone (r2 = 0.92), or CYP3A1/2 protein (r2= 0.60). We conclude that PCN treatment produces significant increases in CLs (dapsone) and CLf (DDS-NOH) in rats. These changes were not due to changes in the reversible metabolism of dapsone. These results suggest that the formation clearance of dapsone hydroxylamine reflects alterations in CYP3A activity, despite the fact that it accounted for a small part of the systemic clearance of dapsone.