类保幼激素对三带喙库蚊幼期发育的影响

本文报告用亚致死剂量的 S—31183(类保幼激素)处理三带喙库蚊幼虫对其发育影响的研究,结果表明处理后蛹期死亡率明显高于幼虫期,并且与剂量大小有关。S—31183处理幼虫并不影响幼虫的发育时间,但可使幼虫化蛹时蜕皮受阻与羽化受到一定的抑制。     

Regulation of NGF gene expression in CNS glia by cell-cell contact.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression in central nervous system (CNS) glia appears to be associated with active glial growth. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms, we examined the effects of a number of growth-related factors on NGF mRNA expression in glial cultures. Our results suggest that glial membrane interaction, as a consequence of growth, actively inhibits NGF gene expression in CNS glia.     

竹林区村庄白纹伊蚊孳生特点的调查

白纹伊蚊在竹林里孳生的阳性比为75.4%;而在竹林包围的居民区阳性比为15.3%。白纹伊蚊在居民区孳生密度布雷图指数为19.4,容器指数为6.2%。居民区孳生蚊虫的主要场所是泡菜坛,泡菜坛主要孳生蚊种是骚扰阿蚊,阳性比为73.7%,其次是淡色库蚊为20.2%,贪食库蚊为14.0%,白纹伊蚊最低,为9.1%。     

Adrenergic signalling between rat taste receptor cells

In taste buds, synaptic transmission is traditionally thought to occur from taste receptor cells to the afferent nerve. This communication reports the novel observation that taste receptor cells respond to adrenergic stimulation. Noradrenaline application inhibited outward potassium currents in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was mimicked by the β agonist isoproterenol and blocked by the β antagonist propranolol. The α agonists clonidine and phenylephrine both inhibited the potassium currents and elevated intracellular calcium levels. Inwardly rectifying potassium currents were unaffected by adrenergic stimulation. Experiments using the RT-PCR technique demonstrate that lingual epithelium expresses multiple α (α1a, α1b, α1c, α1d, α2a, α2b, α2c) and β (β1, β2) subtypes of adrenergic receptors, and immunocytochemistry localized noradrenaline to a subset of taste receptor cells. Collectively, these data imply strongly that adrenergic transmission within the taste bud may play a paracrine role in taste physiology.     

创伤后肝细胞凋亡与坏死的检测及其意义

目的 探讨严重创伤后肝细胞凋亡及坏死在急性肝功能障碍发病机制中的作用。方法复制多发性骨折合并休克的大鼠创伤模型,采用 Annexin－V－Flous、碘化丙锭(propidium iodid,PI)双标法经流式细胞仪检测创伤后各时间点肝细胞凋亡与坏死的数量变化,结合光镜、电镜和电泳观察细胞凋亡与坏死,并与肝功能变化相比较。结果创伤后早期肝细胞即发生凋亡和坏死,坏死肝细胞的数量进行性升高,与肝功能变化显著呈正相关;凋亡肝细胞在创伤后3h达高峰,部分凋亡肝细胞发生继发性坏死,其数量与肝功能变化显著正相关。结论肝细胞坏死与凋亡是严重创伤后肝功能损害的重要原因,坏死肝细胞是肝功能损害的直接因素,凋亡肝细胞通过发生继发性坏死加重肝功能损害。     

Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and relation to glycemic control therapies at baseline in the BARI 2D cohort

Abstract   We evaluated the associations between glycemic therapies and prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) at baseline among participants in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial on medical and revascularization therapies for coronary artery disease (CAD) and on insulin-sensitizing vs. insulin-providing treatments for diabetes. A total of 2,368 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD was evaluated. DPN was defined as clinical examination score >2 using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). DPN odds ratios across different groups of glycemic therapy were evaluated by multiple logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates including age, sex, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and diabetes duration. Fifty-one percent of BARI 2D subjects with valid baseline characteristics and MNSI scores had DPN. After adjusting for all variables, use of insulin was significantly associated with DPN (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15–2.13). Patients on sulfonylurea (SU) or combination of SU/metformin (Met)/thiazolidinediones (TZD) had marginally higher rates of DPN than the Met/TZD group. This cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD showed association of insulin use with higher DPN prevalence, independent of disease duration, glycemic control, and other characteristics. The causality between a glycemic control strategy and DPN cannot be evaluated in this cross-sectional study, but continued assessment of DPN and randomized therapies in BARI 2D trial may provide further explanations on the development of DPN.     

Techniques for performing laparoscopic liver resection in various hepatic locations

Many studies have recently reported on laparoscopic liver resection, although its development has been slow compared to laparoscopy in other fields. The indications for the location of laparoscopic liver resection have previously been limited to easily accessible lesions. Performing laparoscopic liver resection in the posterior and superior parts of the liver has been considered difficult due to inadequate exposure, the poor operative field and the difficulty with parenchymal dissection. Flexible endoscopy, high definition imaging and various kinds of equipment for parenchymal transection have been introduced for clinical use. In addition, much experience with this procedure has been accumulated at many centers. Accordingly, there are an increasing number of reports on laparoscopic liver resection in difficult locations. At our institution, the location of the tumor is no longer a limitation to laparoscopic liver resection. However, for safer laparoscopic liver resection, the patient positioning and trocar placement should be individualized according to the tumor location. The type of resection also may depend on the remaining liver’s functional capacity. We describe here the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection, including the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection for lesions located in the postero-superior segments of the liver.     

自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床研究

[目的 ]探讨自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRI)的临床效果。 [方法 ]选择 15 0例RRI患儿 ,随机分为观察组和对照组 ,观察组在对因对症治疗基础上应用自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷 ,对照组采用对因对症治疗 ;另选 3 0例正常儿童 ,观察血浆内皮素 (ET -1)、一氧化氮 (NO)变化及临床疗效。 [结果 ]观察组治疗后血浆ET -1、NO含量明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而对照组治疗前后则无统计学意义 ;观察组临床总有效率高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且每月发病次数及天数也明显降低。 [结论 ]应用自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷能有效地降低RRI患儿血浆ET -1、NO水平 ,从而提高临床疗效     

北方亦多湿续论

我在20世纪80年代初期,曾发表“北方亦多湿论”的短文,但失之过简,今按四时更迭,主要节令交替详细阐述之。在未入正题之前,先读一下毛主席的《沁园春·雪》,俾对北方气候有所了解:“北国风光,千里冰封,万里雪飘,望长城内外,惟余莽莽,大河上下,顿失滔滔。山舞银蛇,原驰蜡象,欲与     

Survey of psychiatric disorders in a Taiwanese village population six months after a major earthquake.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The catastrophic Chi-Chi earthquake of September 21, 1999 in Taiwan provided a unique opportunity to study the disaster's psychiatric impact on survivors. This study assessed the development of psychiatric disorders among residents in a Taiwanese village near the epicenter of the earthquake within 6 months of the disaster. METHODS: A total of 442 of the 602 actual living residents of Tong-Chi village who were over 16 years of age and were present in the community at the time of the earthquake were included in this population survey. Subjects were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and questionnaires to collect demographic information and risk factors for psychiatric disorders 4 to 6 months after the earthquake. RESULTS: The prevalence rates were 9.5% for current major depression, 2.8% for past major depressive episode, and 7.9% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Females had significantly higher rates of most psychiatric disorders. After controlling for covariates, the significant risk factors for PTSD were female gender and having sought medical service after the earthquake. Significant risk factors for major depressive episode were divorced/widowed status, education level equal to or below primary school, and prominent house damage. CONCLUSION: This population survey of earthquake disaster survivors found an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders after exposure to a catastrophic earthquake. These results highlight the need for prompt therapeutic attention to residents of earthquake disaster areas after the event.