Metabolic activity of phagocytosing granulocytes in chronic granulocytic leukemia: ultrastructural observation of a degranulation defect

The functional capacities of granulocytes in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia are still a subject of controversy, probably due to the heterogeneity of the abnormalities observed from patient to patient. For a better definition of these abnormalities, 14 patients with untreated chronic granulocytic leukemia were studied. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the functional activities of their phagocytosing granulocytes. In four patients (group I), the granulocytes were normal in respect to particle ingestion, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-stimulated reduction, cyanide-insensitive oxygen (O2) consumption, superoxide anion (O2-)-stimulated production, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and iodination. They also had a normal myeloperoxidase (MPO) content. In four patients (group III), the granulocytes were significantly defective in all of these activities. In the six remaining patients (group II), all the initial metabolic steps of the phagocytosing granulocytes (ingestion, NBT reduction, O2 consumption, O2-production, H2O2 production) were normal, as were the MPO content of the granulocytes, while iodination was strikingly decreased. These metabolic features suggested a degranulation defect which was observed ultrastructurally in the only patient studied among these six. The phagocytosing granulocytes of this patient did not degranulate and no deposits of MPO activity were seen in the phagosomes.     

TCR gamma delta bearing lymphocyte clones with lymphokine-activated killer activity against autologous leukemic cells

Activated T lymphocytes with the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma delta (CD3+ and TCR delta 1+) exhibit strong cytotoxic activity against the standard natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) sensitive target cells. In order to test the cytotoxic activity of gamma delta T lymphocytes against autologous leukemic cells, 84 clones of gamma delta T lymphocytes were obtained from the peripheral blood of three acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Forty-four of these T-cell clones were active against an LAK-sensitive cell line and the other 40 were active against K562, an NK target cell line. In each of the three patients, cytotoxic clones against autologous leukemic cells were obtained. Among the 84 clones, ten were able to kill autologous tumor cells, including eight that lyse the LAK-sensitive target and two with NK activity. The clones were highly cytotoxic, stable, and easily expanded in large quantity.     

转化生长因子β1在大鼠纤维化腹膜组织中的表达及作用

目的:检测转化生长因子β1在腹膜透析大鼠腹膜内表达,并探讨其在腹膜纤维化中的意义。方法:实验于2005-06/2006-03在中南大学湘雅二医院肾内科实验室完成。①实验材料:雄性SD大鼠,体质量180～240g,由中南大学湘雅二医院动物实验中心提供。②实验方法:将28只大鼠按随机数字表随机分为4组,每组7只。正常对照组不予任何干预;生理盐水组腹腔注射20mL生理盐水;低糖透析液组腹腔注射20mL1.5%葡萄糖透析液;高糖透析液组腹腔注射20mL4.25%葡萄糖透析液,均为1次/d。4周后,向大鼠腹腔注射4.25%葡萄糖腹膜透析液20mL,4h后于大鼠右下腹缓慢插入带有多个侧孔的10号静脉留置针,缓慢低位引流腹透液,量取引流液。③实验评估:取大鼠壁层腹膜组织,以苏木素-伊红染色,镜下测量腹膜厚度,采用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠腹膜中转化生长因子β1及纤连蛋白。结果:28只大鼠均进入结果分析。①高糖透析液组、低糖透析液组超滤量均明显低于正常对照组与生理盐水组,并且高糖透析液组超滤量明显少于低糖透析液组(P均<0.05)。②高糖透析液组腹膜明显增厚,表面粗糙,间皮细胞肿胀,脱落,间皮下有大量血管生成以及胶原纤维沉积,还可见单核细胞等炎症细胞浸润,与其他组比较,腹膜厚度明显增加(P<0.05)。③高糖透析液组转化生长因子β1、纤连蛋白表达量均明显高于其他组;低糖透析液组转化生长因子β1、纤连蛋白表达量均明显高于正常对照组与生理盐水组(P<0.05)。④大鼠腹膜组织转化生长因子β1蛋白与纤连蛋白表达量、腹膜厚度之间呈明显的正相关(r=0.86,0.83,P<0.05)。结论:葡萄糖透析液可诱导腹膜组织转化生长因子β1明显上调,腹膜转化生长因子β1高表达与腹膜透析腹膜纤维化密切相关。     

New radiological typing system for rhinosinusitis and comparison with existing system: Initial finding

The objective of this study was to determine whether the proposed Malan radiological sinusitis typing (RST) system facilitated a level of agreement and ease of use comparable with the Lund–Mackay (LM) system for chronic rhinosinusitis. Ten observers (one otolaryngologist and nine radiologists), in two separate centres (regional and tertiary), blinded to all clinical data, used these two systems to independently and randomly score and type 15 sets of scans, recording the time to score each film. Using unweighted kappa scores, both methods facilitated a moderate level of agreement, slightly better with the LM system. The Malan system is more time efficient. Preliminarily, this study shows that the Malan RST system is easy to apply with a comparable level of agreement. The Malan RST system is a focused attempt at classifying disease extent radiologically and correlating it to a surgical approach. It emphasizes that scoring systems are vulnerable and proves to be superior to the LM system as a surgical planning tool. To score sinus disease, a Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire in association with this typing method is more appropriate.