射频消融治疗肝肿瘤315例报告

目的总结1999年6月至2003年8月用射频消融（radiofrequency ablation，RFA）治疗315例肝肿瘤病人的病例资料，探索RFA治疗肝肿瘤近远期疗效。方法采用了一次定位、多点穿刺，RFA联合肝动脉栓塞（TAE）、选择性门静脉栓塞（SPVE）治疗直径5～13cm的大肝癌，及经皮经肺经膈肌RFA治疗膈顶部肝癌。结果总并发症发生率为5．1％，无一例住院期间死亡。AFP阳性的169例肝癌病人中，RFA后有124例（73．6％）明显降低，其中有95例（56．2％）转阴。半年生存率为89．5％，1年生存率为80．1％，18个月生存率为61．4％，24个月生存率为48．3％，〉36个月生存率为35．6％。结论采用TAE、SPVE及RFA一次定位多点穿刺法治疗无手术切除指征的中晚期（含大肝癌）的病人，疗效明显，总并发症发生率低。     

Reactivation of dormant lumbar methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis after 12 years.

The adequate treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis has intrigued clinicians for some time. As the resistance of these pathogens, coupled with the increase in community-acquired cases, continues steadily to rise, clinicians are finding it useful to employ multi-modal approaches for efficacious treatment. The authors present a single case report of a patient with recurrent MRSA osteomyelitis, lumbar paraspinal and epidural abscess. He was found to have decreased muscle strength and was hyporeflexic in the involved extremity. Serum testing demonstrated MRSA bacteremia. Neuroimaging studies revealed evidence of paraspinal abscess and a presumed herniated nucleus pulposus at the L5/S1 interspace with significant nerve root compromise. Despite antimicrobials, his symptoms persisted, necessitating surgical exploration. At surgery, paraspinal and epidural abscesses were encountered and debrided; however, no herniated disc was visualized. This case demonstrates the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas with which these lesions present. We postulate that the MRSA osteomyelitis/discitis pathogens were walled off in the disc space and subsequently inoculated the soft tissues with ensuing bacteremia. We concur that antimicrobial treatment should be the first line of therapy for these patients; however, surgical debridements and cautious spinal instrumentation should be employed where appropriate.     

术后镇痛10年后的质量控制探讨：1168例回顾性研究

目的 了解术后镇痛的现状，探讨术后镇痛的质量控制问题。方法 回顾近3个月1168例术后镇痛所采用的镇痛方法和预防术后恶心呕吐的方法，了解镇痛效果和副作用的发生情况，并分析影响镇痛效果和副作用发生率的有关因素，患者的满意度情况。结果 90％采用了连续硬膜外镇痛法，配方主要是小剂量吗啡复合低浓度布比卡因或罗比卡因，静脉镇痛主要采用吗啡复合氯诺昔康。预防术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的方法有5-HT3受体拮抗剂（昂丹司琼或阿扎司琼），氟哌啶，地塞米松等，单用或复合应用。连续硬膜外镇痛需要补救镇痛者约5％，静脉镇痛补救镇痛者约10％。PONV总体发生率低，妇科开腹手术低至20％，女性非妇科手术低至10％，剖宫产术低至1％，使用氟哌啶使妇科手术PONV降低约50％。1例高龄患者出现血氧饱和度下降至82％，经停药、吸氧等处理好转。硬膜外导管脱落0．5％。瘙痒、头晕等并发症小于5％。通过补救镇痛，及时处理并发症，患者满意度在90％以上。结论 硬膜外镇痛方法效果优于静脉镇痛方法，适度镇痛，减少镇痛药量，增加安全性，重视PONV的预防，及时处理镇痛不足和副作用，从而提高患者的满意度，是术后镇痛质量控制的可行的理念和方法。     

Early onset of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in a lung-transplant recipient.

Ganciclovir resistance in cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an increasing problem in lung-transplant recipients with adverse clinical outcomes. We experienced the successful treatment of ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection in a lung-transplant recipient still receiving CMV prophylaxis. A 24-year-old woman with lymphangioleiomyomatosis underwent a living-donor lobar lung transplantation. She was a primary CMV mismatch (D+/R-) patient. She recovered from her postoperative complications, and was about to be discharged. However, she suffered ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection during prophylactic therapy. She was successfully treated with foscarnet, and is now alive without recurrence 18 months after surgery.     

指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

Use of the Arndt wire-guided endobronchial blocker via nasal for one-lung ventilation in patient with anticipated restricted mouth opening for esophagectomy.

Functional separation of the lungs may be accomplished by several methods. Patient with restricted mouth opening has limited options for one-lung ventilation. We report the use of wire-guided endobronchial blockade, a new tool for achieving one-lung ventilation in a patient with restricted mouth opening requiring nasotracheal, fiberoptic intubation for esophagectomy and reconstruction with gastric tube substitution.     

多济敷对面部磨削创面愈合的临床疗效观察

目的：本研究采用多济敷外用于面部皮损磨削术后创面,观察其对创面愈合时间、皮肤色素沉着等的变化。方法：采用区域神经阻滞或局部浸润麻醉,对不同类型的面部皮损34例进行皮肤磨削治疗,术后创面应用多济敷或凡士林纱布作为底层敷料包扎创面,术后换药一次,保留底层敷料。结果：2001年8月至2003年9月间,通过自身对照,34例面部磨削术后采用多济敷治疗组较凡士林纱布组创面愈合时间缩短(P＜0．05),经过6个月至2年的随访,皮肤色素沉着也有明显改善。结论：多济敷有利于缩短面部磨削术后创面愈合时间,改善面部色素沉着,外观满意。     

钬激光输尿管镜下碎石与经皮肾取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的比较

目的比较钬激光输尿管硬镜碎石与经皮肾取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法106例单侧伴有肾积水的嵌顿性输尿管上段结石,48例采用URL治疗（URL组）,58例采用PCNL治疗（PCNL组）,统计分析2组的结石清除率及手术并发症。结果术后1 d结石清除率URL组25.0%（12/48）显著低于PCNL组98.3%（57/58）（χ^2=62.065,P=0.000）;术后3个月结石清除率URL组77.1%（37/48）显著低于PCNL组100%（58/58）（χ^2=14.831,P=0.000）;术后高热（T〉38.5℃）率URL组8.3%（4/48）与PCNL组6.9%（4/58）无统计学差异（χ^2=0.000,P=1.000）。结论对于嵌顿性输尿管上段结石,在有条件且技术成熟的医院PCNL可作为治疗的首选方法。     

江苏口岸媒介生物监测结果分析

[目的] 加强对输入性医学媒介生物预警应急工作,防止媒介传入,保障我国人民身体健康.[方法] 对江苏口岸2002～2005年上半年输入性媒介生物截获情况进行统计分析.[结果] 2002～2005年上半年江苏口岸输入性媒介生物疫情截获率逐年上升.[结论] 传染病传播媒介生物的监测、病原携带检测和传入性风险分析,将作为世界卫生组织评估“监测技术水平、预警反应能力和处置实力”的重要指标之一,成为各成员国关注的焦点,同时也将成为各成员国间设置贸易技术壁垒的重要手段之一.因此,加强传染病传播媒介生物监测和控制工作势在必行.