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排序方式: 共有507条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
91.
OBJECTIVE: An orally administered antimicrobial regimen for the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis given once rather than multiple times each day would be more convenient and might result in improved patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of once-daily amoxicillin in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis. PATIENTS: Children presenting to a private pediatric office with GABHS pharyngitis. DESIGN: Patients were randomly assigned to receive orally either amoxicillin (750 mg once daily) or penicillin V (250 mg three times a day) for 10 days. Compliance was monitored by urine antimicrobial activity. OUTCOMES: Outcomes were measured by impact on the clinical course, eradication of GABHS within 18 to 24 hours, and bacteriologic treatment failure rate as determined by follow-up throat cultures 4 to 6 and 14 to 21 days after completing therapy. GABHS isolates were serotyped to distinguish bacteriologic treatment failures (same serotype as initial throat culture) from new acquisitions (different serotypes). RESULTS: During the 16 months of this study, 152 children between 4 and 18 years of age (mean, 9.9 years) were enrolled; 79 children were randomly assigned to receive once-daily amoxicillin and 73 were assigned to receive penicillin V three times a day. The children in the two treatment groups were comparable with respect to age, duration of illness before initiation of therapy, compliance, and signs and symptoms at presentation. There was no significant difference in the clinical or bacteriologic responses of the patients in the two treatment groups at the 18- to 24-hour follow-up visit. Bacteriologic treatment failures occurred in 4 (5%) of the 79 patients in the amoxicillin group and in 8 (11%) of the 73 patients in the penicillin V group. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that once-daily amoxicillin therapy is as effective as penicillin V therapy given three times a day for the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis, and if confirmed by additional investigations, once-daily amoxicillin therapy could become an alternative regimen for the treatment of this disease. 相似文献
92.
93.
GE Lancioni NN Singh MF O'Reilly J Sigafoos D Oliva G Montironi 《Disability and rehabilitation》2013,35(21-22):1286-1290
Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of a computer system used as a microswitch for word utterances of two adults with multiple disabilities. The system combined a new control software programme with a commercially available speech recognition programme. Method: Nine word utterances were targeted for each participant. The participant's emission of those utterances triggered the occurrence of related (favourite) stimuli during the intervention and the post-intervention check. Results: Intervention data showed that (1) the participants increased the frequencies of the target utterances and (2) the computer system recognized about 80% of those utterances correctly, providing the participants with high levels of favourite stimulation. The post-intervention check showed comparable data with both participants. Conclusions: The computer system proved an adequate microswitch for word utterances. Based on this evidence, microswitch programmes could be extended beyond the use of conventional motor responses. 相似文献
94.
95.
Is glucagon‐like peptide‐1 fully protected by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin when administered to patients with type 2 diabetes? 下载免费PDF全文
96.
Background: Dentine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may participate in the destruction of dentine following demineralization by bacterial acids. This study investigated the localization of MMPs in carious dentine. Methods: Frozen sections of dentine caries were prepared without demineralization and immersed in monoclonal antibody against MMP‐2, ‐8, ‐9 and ‐20. The sections were labelled by IgG conjugated with gold colloidal particles, and observed under FE‐SEM. Labelling indexes (number of gold particles/μm2) of outer and inner carious dentine, respectively, with and without bacterial infection, were compared with that of normal dentine. Results: MMP‐2 was distributed in both carious and normal dentine; the level of MMP‐2 showed no significant difference among the outer caries, inner caries, and normal dentine. The labelling indexes of MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 both significantly decreased at the inner carious dentine compared with the level of normal dentine, but intensified again at the outer caries region. The labelling index of MMP‐20 was the highest at normal dentine. Conclusions: The localization of MMPs was visibly detected using immunogold labelling. The localization of MMP‐2 showed no significant difference among the three regions, while MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 showed significant reduction at the inner caries layer, and MMP‐20 reduced toward the outer caries. 相似文献
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98.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue tumour in children, with the head and neck region accounting for 35–40% of cases. Nasopharyngeal RMSs tend to grow rapidly and invade adjacent structures. Both the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies and the European Studies have established that the ideal management of this disease is multimodal, using a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This case series examines the role of radiotherapy in the management of paediatric nasopharyngeal RMSs, with particular reference to long-term morbidity and disease-free survival. The cases of five children with nasopharyngeal RMS were reviewed and a systematic review of the literature contained in the PubMed databases was conducted to establish 24 individually detailed cases. Management in all patients was multimodal, using a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as surgery. External beam radiotherapy is an integral component of treatment for nasopharyngeal RMSs. With more patients surviving for longer periods, more long-term sequelae of radiotherapy have been reported. Complications include sensorineural deafness, endocrine manifestations following radiation of the pituitary gland, cranial nerve palsies, second malignancies within the radiation field, cataract formation, retinopathy and growth disturbance. Morbidity from radiotherapy may be considerable and depends on the field and dose of radiation. Current advances in radiotherapy are aimed at improving the rate of tumour control and reducing such complications. Recent improvements in imaging and conformal techniques have the potential to reduce the morbidity associated with radiotherapy in this cohort. 相似文献
99.
Monica Malta Monica MF Magnanini Maeve B Mello Ana Roberta P Pascom Yohana Linhares Francisco I Bastos 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):317
Background
The Brazilian response towards AIDS epidemic is well known, but the absence of a systematic review of vulnerable populations ─ men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and drug users (DU) remains a main gap in the available literature. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing HIV prevalence among MSM, FSW and DU, calculating a combined pooled prevalence and summarizing factors associated the pooled prevalence for each group. 相似文献100.
Juanita A Haagsma Arie H Havelaar Bas MF Janssen Gouke J Bonsel 《Population health metrics》2008,6(1):1-8