Effective induction of immune tolerance by portal venous infusion with IL-10 gene-modified immature dendritic cells leading to prolongation of allograft survival

Dendritic cells (DC) not only initiate T cell responses, but are also involved in the induction of tolerance. The functional properties of DC are strictly dependent on their state of maturation. It has been shown that immature DC can induce immune tolerance and prolong allograft survival. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunosuppressive cytokine which inhibits maturation and function of DC. In order to improve the tolerogenicity of DC, we and others showed that adenovirus vectors can effectively mediate IL-10 genetic modification of DC, and IL-10 genetic modification can inhibit MHC II, B7.2, and CD40 expression, IL-12 secretion and the T cell stimulatory capacity of DC. The primary aim of this study is to examine the in vivo effects of this approach on allograft survival in a murine cardiac allograft transplantation model. To our surprise, we observed that infusion of immature DC genetically modified to express IL-10 (DC-IL-10) via the tail vein could not prolong allograft survival in the recipients, but shortened their survival. More interestingly, portal venous infusion of DC-IL-10 markedly prolonged allograft survival. The diverse effects of DC-IL-10 infusion through different routes may be due to the different immune responses to alloantigens in recipients that received DC-IL-10 via either the portal or the tail vein. Decreased cytotoxicity, polarization of Th2 response, poor T cell stimulating activity of liver DC and enhanced incidence of donor DC in the recipients may contribute to the more efficient prolongation of allograft survival observed after portal venous infusion of DC-IL-10. These results suggest that portal venous infusion may be an effective approach for immature DC to induce immune tolerance or hyporesponsiveness against donor antigens, and prolong allograft survival.Abbreviations APC Antigen-presenting cells - CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocytes - DC Dendritic cells - DC-IL-10 IL-10 gene-modified immature dendritic cells - iDC Immature dendritic cells - IL-10 Interleukin-10 - MLR Mixed leukocyte reaction - MOI Multiplicity of infection     

Protective efficacy in chickens, geese and ducks of an H5N1-inactivated vaccine developed by reverse genetics

We generated a high-growth H5N1/PR8 virus by plasmid-based reverse genetics. The virulence associated multiple basic amino acids of the HA gene were removed, and the resulting virus is attenuated for chickens and chicken eggs. A formalin-inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine was prepared from this virus. When SPF chickens were inoculated with 0.3 ml of the vaccine, the hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) antibody became detectable at 1 week post-vaccination (p.v.) and reached a peak of 10log2 at 6 weeks p.v. then slowly declined to 4log2 at 43 weeks p.v. Challenge studies performed at 2, 3 and 43 weeks p.v. indicated that all of the chickens were completely protected from disease signs and death. Ducks and geese were completely protected from highly pathogenic H5N1 virus challenge 3 weeks p.v. The duration of protective immunity in ducks and geese was investigated by detecting the HI antibody of the field vaccinated birds, and the results indicated that 3 doses of the vaccine inoculation in geese could induce a 34 weeks protection, while 2 doses induced more than 52 weeks protection in ducks. We first reported that an oil-emulsion inactivated vaccine derived from a high-growth H5N1 vaccine induced approximately 10 months of protective immunity in chickens and demonstrated that the oil-emulsion inactivated avian influenza vaccine is immunogenic for geese and ducks. These results provide useful information for the application of vaccines to the control of H5N1 avian influenza in poultry, including chickens and domestic waterfowl.     

阴部外动脉阴茎支皮瓣尿道成形术的应用解剖

目的：为设计阴部外动脉阴茎皮瓣转位尿道成形术提供依据。方法：30侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体，解剖观测阴部外动脉起始、行程；着重阴部外动脉阴茎支在阴茎的走行、分支分布。结果：阴部外动脉始于股动脉，外径1．8±0．4mm，伴行静脉1-2支，汇入大隐静脉。阴茎支可视为本干的延续，经耻骨结节两侧靠近阴茎，分别经2(10)点、3(9)点和1(11)点进入阴茎，多数分出背侧支、腹侧支分布阴茎皮肤。外径0．8±0．2mm。结论：阴茎皮肤血管恒定，以阴茎支为蒂，可在阴茎外侧或背外侧、腹外侧设计皮瓣，用于尿道成形术。术式已在临床应用，效果满意。     

Pds1 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage is essential for its DNA damage checkpoint function

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pds1 is an anaphase inhibitor and plays an essential role in DNA damage and spindle checkpoint pathways. Pds1 is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage but not spindle disruption, indicating distinct mechanisms delaying anaphase entry. Phosphorylation of Pds1 is Mec1 and Chk1 dependent in vivo. Here, we show that Pds1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo in response to DNA damage by Chk1. Mutation of the Chk1 phosphorylation sites on Pds1 abolished most of its DNA damage-inducible phosphorylation and its checkpoint function, whereas its anaphase inhibitor functions and spindle checkpoint functions remain intact. Loss of Pds1 phosphorylation correlates with APC-dependent Pds1 destruction in response to DNA damage. We also show that APC(Cdc20) is active in preanaphase arrested cells after DNA damage. This suggests that Pds1 is stabilized by phosphorylation in response to DNA damage, but APC(Cdc20) activity is not altered. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of Pds1 by Chk1 is the key function of Chk1 required to prevent anaphase entry.     

应用FISH、FCM检测APL PML/RARA融合基因及临床应用的研究

目的　研究应用荧光原位杂交技术 (FISH)、流式细胞技术 (FCM)检测急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL)PML/RARa融合基因及残留白血病细胞的意义。方法　应用CG、M -FISH、FCM对 30例APL患者初发和缓解期的骨髓标本进行分析 ,分别检测t(15 ;17)易位和PML/RARa融合基因及残留白血病细胞的存在。结果　对初发期骨髓标本进行CG和FISH分析发现 ,10 0 %具有t(15 ;17)易位 ,阳性核型占 6 8%～ 10 0 % ,其中有 8例还伴有其他异常 ;10 0 %具有PML/RARa融合基因 ,且阳性中期相的比例高达 96 %～ 10 0 % ;结果具有显著差异 (P <0 0 0 1)。对CR期的骨髓标本进行CG、FISH分析 ,CG为正常核型 ,FISH仍可检出 0 %～ 4 5 %的PML/RARa融合基因。对CR后 12个月的标本进行CG、FISH分析 ,CG均为正常核型 ;FISH仍可检出 0 %～ 37%的PML/RARa融合基因 ,较CR期有所降低。对这 30例APL患者初发期、完全缓解期及完全缓解后 12个月时进行了FCM检测 ,并得出定性结果。完全缓解期检测结果与M -FISH分析一致 ;对完全缓解后 12个月时M -FISH结果进行定性分析发现 30例患者中有 6例为融合基因阴性 ,相应的FCM定性分析结果却发现只有其中的 2例呈现阴性 ,其余 4例仍然为阳性。随访至CR后 2年 ,发现 7例PML/RARa融合基因阳性中期相比例较高 (CG分     

Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers

The effects of long-term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty-two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack-years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy nonsmoking males were included as controls. We found that the concentrations of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol and the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase in blood plasma were significantly decreased in smokers. The levels of glutathione and protein thiols in whole blood and the incidence of a 4,977 bp deletion of mtDNA (dmtDNA) in hair follicles were significantly increased in smokers. A significantly higher incidence of the 4,977 bp dmtDNA was found in smokers with plasma GST activity less than 5.66 U/l (OR = 7.2, P = 0.020). Using multiple covariate ANOVA and logistic regression, we found that age and low plasma GST activity were the only two risk factors for the 4,977 bp dmtDNA. These results suggest that smoking depletes antioxidants and causes mtDNA deletions and that plasma GST may play an important role in the preservation of the mitochondrial genome in tissue cells of smokers.     

Absence of proteinase-activated receptor-1 signaling affords protection from bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis

Activation of the coagulation cascade is commonly observed in the lungs of patients with both acute and chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders, as well as in animal models of these disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of the major thrombin receptor, proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), during the acute inflammatory and chronic fibrotic phases of lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in mice. Inflammatory cell recruitment and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein were attenuated by 56 +/- 10% (P < 0.05) and 53 +/- 12% (P < 0.05), respectively, in PAR-1-deficient (PAR-1-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. PAR-1-/- mice were also protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with total lung collagen accumulation reduced by 59 +/- 5% (P < 0.05). The protection afforded by PAR-1 deficiency was accompanied by significant reductions in pulmonary levels of the potent PAR-1-inducible proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-beta1), and connective tissue growth factor/fibroblast-inducible secreted protein-12 (CTGF/FISP12). In addition, PAR-1 was highly expressed in inflammatory and fibroproliferative lesions in lung sections obtained from patients with fibrotic lung disease. These data show for the first time that PAR-1 signaling plays a key role in experimentally induced lung injury, and they further identify PAR-1 as one of the critical receptors involved in orchestrating the interplay between coagulation, inflammation, and remodeling in response to tissue injury.     

妇产科常见疾病与染色体核型异常的关系分析

目的 分析染色体核型异常与妇产科常见疾病的关系，探讨流产、死胎、畸胎、不孕、月经不调及青春期发育异常的遗传病因。方法 532例病例，每例行外周血培养，细胞收获，制片及G显带，并行染色体核型分析。结果 532个病例中，共检出异常核型25例，检出率为4．7％，其中异常孕产史和不孕16例，占64％，月经不调和发育异常7例，占28％，其它2例，占8％。结论 染色体核型异常是导致流产、死胎、畸胎及不孕的重要原因之一；染色体核型异常与月经不调、青少年发育异常有密切关系。     

Gluthatione-S-transferase P1 polymorphism I105V in familial and sporadic prostate cancer

Several reports suggest that the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family of enzymes is involved in a variety of cancers, due to their carcinogen-detoxification properties. A polymorphism in codon 105 of the pi variant (GSTP1 I105V), which affects the enzymatic activity of the enzyme, has been linked to the incidence of cancers from different organs. However, the published data in prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. Some studies report an association with the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism and sporadic PCa, whereas other studies report no association. Recently, one study showed a positive correlation between the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism and familial PCa in a Japanese population. In the present study, we assessed the correlation of the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism with familial and sporadic PCa in an American population. We analyzed DNA samples from 438 patients with familial PCa, 499 patients with sporadic PCa, and 510 controls. We found no significant association between the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism and familial or sporadic PCa when compared to the control group [odds ratio (OR) =1.0 (0.74-1.37); P=0.58]. Moreover, no association was found after stratification for age of diagnosis, Gleason grade, or lymph node involvement [OR =0.84 (0.65-1.09), P=0.37]. These data indicate that there is no associated risk for sporadic or familial PCa in American families containing the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism.     

中药“神经再生素”促神经生长过程中基因差异性表达的初步研究

为了探索中药“神经再生素”促神经生长过程中基因水平的变化。本实验采用 dd-PCR方法 ,从体外培养背根神经节细胞加药组和不加药组中获得两者的差异表达片段 ,并经反杂交筛选、克隆测序、DNA序列检索分析、Northern验证。结果表明 ,差异显示共获得 8个差异条带 ,一个为下调基因 ,其余为上调基因 ,其中 2个 c DNA序列与 RRAJ5 16 1基因 (增殖相关基因 )、AF196 3 15基因 (锌指样蛋白 DDP2 ) 10 0 %同源 ,2个 c DNA序列与 AK0 0 175 7基因、STA5 SRR基因 (t RNA合成酶 )部分同源。结论是中药“神经再生素”在促神经生长过程中 ,对神经元基因的选择性表达起着重要的调控作用。