Preparation and defect structure analysis of near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate wafers

A vapour transfer equilibrium (VTE) method has been used to prepare near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate (NSLT) crystals with different Li contents. The NSLT crystals were tested and analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the effect of Li content on the Curie temperature and internal defects of NSLT crystals. This study found that when the Li content increased in the NSLT wafer, the binding energy corresponding to the peak of the Ta_4f electron layer in the XPS spectrum first decreased and then increased, indicating that the proportion of Ta valence states was different in wafers with different Li contents. From XPS energy spectrum analysis, it can be seen that the lithium tantalate crystal contains Ta⁵⁺, Ta⁴⁺, Ta³⁺ and lower-valence Ta. As the Li content increases in the NSLT wafer, Ta⁴⁺ disappears and the proportion of Ta⁵⁺ decreases initially, follows by a later increase and then subsequent further decrease. However, the change in proportion of Ta³⁺ and lower-price Ta is completely opposite to that of Ta⁵⁺, showing a trend of first rising, then falling and then finally rising again. Moreover, when the Li content is 49.751% in the NSLT wafer, the proportion of Ta⁵⁺ reaches a maximum, showing that at this Li concentration the NSLT crystal has a more perfect lattice structure. In this study, we propose a mixed defect model in which polarons coexist with Li vacancies and Ta inversion, explaining the change in Ta valence state in lithium tantalate crystals. This model is more in line with the observed results in this work. The new hybrid defect model and the variation law of Ta valence state with Li concentration proposed in this paper provide a new direction and experimental proof for the defect study of NSLT crystals, and also provide a theoretical basis to explore the Li content at the best physical properties of NSLT crystals.

A vapour transfer equilibrium (VTE) method has been used to prepare near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate (NSLT) crystals with different Li contents.     

Impact of COVID-19 on Clinicopathological Spectrum of Pityriasis Rosea in Korea

BackgroundPityriasis rosea (PR) is a papulosquamous eruption with generally unknown origin but suspected to be related to viral etiologies. The clinicopathological spectrum of several disorders with viral etiologies has been altered after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The author group could experience coherent histological alterations in PR after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate how the clinicopathological findings of PR were changed after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPatients (n = 11) diagnosed with PR based on the clinical manifestations and skin biopsies between February 2018 and October 2019 and 11 patients in February 2020 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by investigating the medical records.ResultsThe patients with PR during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated statistically significant histopathological alterations from classic brisk and dense infiltration pattern to dormant and sparse infiltration and psoriasiform-dominant patterns (P = 0.019). PR was associated with more frequent pruritus during the pandemic period (P = 0.027).ConclusionIn conclusion, PR demonstrated a significant histopathological alteration with more frequent pruritus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparative results about clinicopathological findings of PR will provide a useful reference for dermatologists in the diagnostic process of PR in the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Determinants of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I among Radial Head Fracture Patients with Unilateral Arthroplasty

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the proportions of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) in radial head fracture patients undergoing unilateral arthroplasty and to explore associated factors.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study. From March 2016 to May 2019, a total of 221 adult patients with radial head fracture patients were included in consecutive studies and completed the 1‐year follow‐up. All patients were treated by unilateral arthroplasty. At each follow‐up visit, the visual analogue scale was used to measure patients'' pain level. Occurrence of CRPS I, which was diagnosed by Budapest criteria, was the main outcome collected at baseline and the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month follow‐ups. The baseline data were collected before surgery and included demographic and clinical data. Independent t‐tests and χ ² tests were used as univariate analyses to compare the baseline data of patients with and without CRPS I. Multivariate analysis (Backword‐Wald) was used to identify factors independently associated with CRPS I.ResultsThe proportion of CRPS I cases among radial head fracture patients undergoing unilateral arthroplasty was 11% (n = 24). A total of 19 (79%) patients were diagnosed with CRPS I within 1 month after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (odds ratios [OR]: 1.537; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.138–2.072), age younger than 60 years (OR: 1.682; 95% CI: 1.246–2.267), moderate and severe Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) pain (OR: 3.229; 95% CI: 2.392–4.351) and anxiety (OR: 83.346; 95% CI: 61.752–112.320) were independently associated with CRPS I.ConclusionsThis exploratory study reported that the incidence of CRPS I developing after radial head arthroplasty was 11%. Female sex, younger age, moderate and severe MEPS pain and anxiety patients seems more likely to develop CRPS I.     

Dasatinib and interferon alpha synergistically induce pyroptosis-like cell death in philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is a high-risk disease subtype with a dismal prognosis. Inhibiting BCR-ABL kinase alone is insufficient to eradicate Ph+ALL clones, and alternative BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent pathways need to be targeted as an effective strategy. Our study revealed that the combination of dasatinib and interferon-α showed synergistic activity against Ph+ALL, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and causing necrosis-like cell lysis. Mechanistic studies showed that the induced cell death was caspase-3-independent. Canonical necroptosis signals, such as RIP1 and MLKL, were not activated; instead, the pyroptosis executor Gasdermin D was upregulated expression and activated. The expression levels of extracellular ATP and IL-1β were also upregulated, both of which are markers of pyroptotic cell death. In a murine Ph+ALL model, the dual drug treatment prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, we incorporated the dual drugs to maintenance therapy in 39 patients who were unfit for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The median follow-up was 28.5 months, the 4-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 52.2% and 65.2%, respectively. Our data suggest that the combination of dasatinib and interferon-α has potential synergistic activity against Ph+ALL and shows promise as a maintenance therapy for Ph+ALL patients who are unfit for allo-HSCT.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者肝脏受控衰减参数的变化

目的 探讨瞬时弹性记录仪(FibroScan)检测肝脏受控衰减参数(CAP)诊断非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的效能.方法 2016年1月～2020年1月我院收治的NASH患者142例和同期健康体检者130例,使用FibroScan检测肝脏CAP值.采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评价CAP值...     

Prognostic and incremental value of computed tomography-based radiomics from tumor and nodal regions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative radiomics and establish an integrated model for esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC).Methods: A total of 931 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study(training cohort, n=624; validation cohort, n=307). Radiomics features were obtained by contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) before esophagectomy. A radiomics index was set based on features of tumor and reginal lymph nodes by using the least absolute shri...     

麻仁软胶囊对便秘型 IBS 大鼠模型肠黏膜 5 - HT 含量的影响

目的研究麻仁软胶囊对便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS）模型大鼠5-HT含量的影响,探讨麻仁软胶囊治疗便秘型IBS的作用机制。方法将大鼠分为中药组、西药组、模型组、正常组4组,采用冰水灌胃慢性刺激方法将前3组复制为大鼠便秘型IBS模型,观察各组大鼠粪便的数量及性状,于第14天造模成功后中药组灌中药,西药组灌西药,模型组及正常组予以正常饮食。于第28天将各组大鼠进行解剖取其部分结肠,将其做成石蜡切片,在HE染色下和SABC免疫组化染色下镜下观察各组肠组织变化及肠黏膜上5-HT的含量。结果IBS模型大鼠5-HT表达增高,出现IBS临床症状;经麻仁软胶囊干预后,大鼠5-HT表达降低。结论麻仁软胶囊可增高大鼠肠道敏感性,其作用机制与降低大鼠结肠5-HT表达、增高肠道敏感性有关。     

多模态功能磁共振成像在高强度聚焦超声消融子宫肌瘤中的研究进展

子宫肌瘤是育龄期女性最常见的妇科良性肿瘤,高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)是治疗子宫肌瘤的一种非侵入性技术,依靠超声波的热能和机械能在监控影像的引导下消融靶组织,导致组织凝固性坏死。功能磁共振成像在评估HIFU消融子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性中发挥了重要作用,能无创提供功能、灌注和代谢信息用于HIFU术前疗效预测、术后疗效评估及观察周围组织变化。本文就多模态功能磁共振成像在HIFU消融子宫肌瘤中的研究进展予以综述。     

Shugan granule contributes to the improvement of depression‐like behaviors in chronic restraint stress‐stimulated rats by altering gut microbiota

AimThe investigation aims to evaluate the potential effect of Shugan Granule (SGKL) on the gut, brain, and behaviors in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).MethodsThe fecal microbiota and metabolite changes were studied in rats exposed to CRS and treated with SGKL (0.1 mg/kg/day). Depressive behaviors of these rats were determined through an open‐field experiment, forced swimming test, sucrose preference, and weighing. Moreover, LPS‐stimulated microglia and CRS‐stimulated rats were treated with SGKL to investigate the regulation between SGKL and the PI3K/Akt/pathway, which is inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor.Results(i) SGKL improved the altered behaviors in CRS‐stimulated rats; (ii) SGKL ameliorated the CRS‐induced neuronal degeneration and tangled nerve fiber and also contributed to the recovery of intestinal barrier injury in these rats; (iii) SGKL inhibited the hippocampus elevations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in response to CRS modeling; (iv) based on the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), SGKL altered α‐diversity indices and shifted β‐diversity in CRS‐stimulated rats; (v) at the genus level, SGKL decreased the CRS‐enhanced abundance of Bacteroides; (vi) Butyricimonas and Candidatus Arthromitus were enriched in SGKL‐treated rats; (vii) altered gut microbiota and metabolites were correlated with behaviors, inflammation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; (viii) SGKL increased the LPS‐decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in microglia and inhibited the LPS‐induced microglial activation; (ix) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation reversed the SGKL effects in CRS rats.ConclusionSGKL targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by altering gut microbiota and metabolites, which ameliorates altered behavior and inflammation in the hippocampus.