全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1625篇 |
免费 | 70篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 32篇 |
儿科学 | 23篇 |
妇产科学 | 14篇 |
基础医学 | 179篇 |
口腔科学 | 20篇 |
临床医学 | 177篇 |
内科学 | 334篇 |
皮肤病学 | 24篇 |
神经病学 | 113篇 |
特种医学 | 65篇 |
外科学 | 433篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 130篇 |
眼科学 | 3篇 |
药学 | 46篇 |
肿瘤学 | 93篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 54篇 |
2012年 | 52篇 |
2011年 | 60篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 64篇 |
2005年 | 71篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 62篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有1696条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
51.
52.
Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetic patients using optimised insulin aspart or human insulin in a randomised multinational study 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Tamás G Marre M Astorga R Dedov I Jacobsen J Lindholm A;Insulin Aspart Study Goup 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2001,54(2):105-114
Insulin aspart (IAsp), is a rapid-acting analogue of human insulin (HI), for use in the meal related treatment of diabetes mellitus. The degree of glycaemic control achieved by IAsp in comparison with HI after algorithm-driven dose optimisation was tested over 3 months. The prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label study with parallel groups was performed in 48 centres in 11 countries and included 423 basal-bolus treated patients with Type 1 diabetes. Main outcome measures were blood glucose control assessed by HbA1c, nine-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles, insulin dose, quality of life, hypoglycaemia and adverse events. An algorithm-driven increase occurred in the dose and number of daily injections of basal insulin, particularly in the IAsp group. After 12 weeks of treatment, HbA1c was significantly lower in IAsp compared to HI treated subjects by 0.17 (95% CI 0.30-0.04) (P<0.05). Comparison of the blood glucose profiles showed lower blood glucose levels with IAsp after breakfast (mean 8.4 vs 10.1 mmol/l; P<0.0001) and dinner (8.2 vs 9.3 mmol/l; P<0.01). There were no differences between treatments in the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes or in the adverse event profiles. The WHO Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score for perceived hyperglycaemia was lower with Iasp (P=0.005), and patients found the insulin aspart treatment more flexible (P=0.022). The current study underlines the need for optimising the basal insulin regimen in order to take full advantage of the pharmacodynamics of IAsp. 相似文献
53.
Glucose tolerance and B cell function in chronic alcoholism: its relation to hepatic histology and exocrine pancreatic function 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B N Andersen C Hagen O K Faber J Lindholm P Boisen H Worning 《Metabolism: clinical and experimental》1983,32(11):1029-1032
Glucose tolerance and B cell function were assessed in 30 consecutive chronic alcoholic patients without overt diabetes mellitus. Plasma glucose, insulin, and C peptide concentrations were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. All patients underwent a liver biopsy and an exocrine pancreatic function test (Lundh test). Compared with the controls, the three groups of alcoholic patients (those with histologically normal livers, n = 12; those with steatosis, n = 10; and those with cirrhosis, n = 8) all had a two-fold increase in plasma concentrations of insulin as well as C peptide in the fasting state, despite normal fasting levels of glucose. After oral glucose all groups of patients had elevated plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and C peptide compared with the controls. The C peptide/insulin ratio was similar to that in the controls in all groups of alcoholics. Patients with decreased exocrine pancreatic function (n = 7) had a significantly lower insulin and C peptide response to glucose than the patients with normal exocrine pancreatic function. It is concluded that (1) chronic alcoholics even with histologically normal livers have endogenous insulin resistance, and (2) associated damage to the exocrine pancreas is more common than previously recognized and decompensation of B cell function could be demonstrated in patients with decreased exocrine pancreatic secretion. 相似文献
54.
Michael A. Weber MD Ernesto L. Schiffrin MD William B. White MD Samuel Mann MD Lars H. Lindholm MD John G. Kenerson MD John M. Flack MD Barry L. Carter Pharm D Barry J. Materson MD C. Venkata S. Ram MD Debbie L. Cohen MD Jean‐Claude Cadet MD Roger R. Jean‐Charles MD Sandra Taler MD David Kountz MD Raymond R. Townsend MD John Chalmers MD Agustin J. Ramirez MD George L. Bakris MD Jiguang Wang MD Aletta E. Schutte MD John D. Bisognano MD Rhian M. Touyz MD Dominic Sica MD Stephen B. Harrap MD 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2014,16(1):14-26
55.
Hong Xu Xiaoyan Huang Ulf Risérus Vidya M. Krishnamurthy Tommy Cederholm Johan ?rnl?v Bengt Lindholm Per Sj?gren Juan Jesús Carrero 《Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology》2014,9(12):2104-2110
Background and objectives
In the United States population, high dietary fiber intake has been associated with a lower risk of inflammation and mortality in individuals with kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to expand such findings to a Northern European population.Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Dietary fiber intake was calculated from 7-day dietary records in 1110 participants aged 70–71 years from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (examinations performed during 1991–1995). Dietary fiber was adjusted for total energy intake by the residual method. Renal function was estimated from the concentration of serum cystatin C, and deaths were registered prospectively during a median follow-up of 10.0 years.Results
Dietary fiber independently and directly associated with eGFR (adjusted difference, 2.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per 10 g/d higher; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.3 to 4.9). The odds of C-reactive protein >3 mg/L were lower (linear trend, P=0.002) with higher fiber quartiles. During follow-up, 300 participants died (incidence rate of 2.87 per 100 person-years at risk). Multiplicative interactions were observed between dietary fiber intake and kidney dysfunction in the prediction of mortality. Higher dietary fiber was associated with lower mortality in unadjusted analysis. These associations were stronger in participants with kidney dysfunction (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.98) than in those without (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.76 to 2.22; P value for interaction, P=0.04), and were mainly explained by a lower incidence of cancer-related deaths (0.25; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.65) in individuals with kidney dysfunction versus individuals with an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (1.61; 95% CI, 0.69 to 3.74; P value for interaction, P=0.01).Conclusions
High dietary fiber was associated with better kidney function and lower inflammation in community-dwelling elderly men from Sweden. High dietary fiber was also associated with lower (cancer) mortality risk, especially in individuals with kidney dysfunction. 相似文献56.
Tomas A. Schiffer Filip J. Larsen Jon O. Lundberg Eddie Weitzberg Peter Lindholm 《Respiratory physiology & neurobiology》2013,185(2):339-348
Inorganic nitrate has been shown to reduce oxygen cost during exercise. Since the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is facilitated during hypoxia, we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen consumption and cardiovascular responses during apnea. These variables were measured in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocols at rest and ergometer exercise in competitive breath-hold divers. Subjects held their breath for predetermined times along with maximum effort apneas after two separate 3-day periods with supplementation of potassium nitrate/placebo. 相似文献
57.
58.
S. Svenmarker S. Häggmark E. Jansson R. Lindholm M. Appelblad E. Sandström 《Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ》2013,47(4):241-246
Objective : The use of heparin-coated surfaces in cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to decrease the inflammatory response imposed by the contact between blood and artificial surfaces. One would expect this reaction to improve clinical outcome. However, this has been difficult to verify. This investigation is based on an aggregation of two randomized studies from our institution and highlights possible effects of heparin coating on a number of clinically oriented parameters. Design : Departmental analysis of patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery using heparin-coated circuits. Cardiopulmonary bypass was employed using either the Carmeda or Duraflo heparin coatings compared with a control. The systemic heparin dose was reduced in the heparin-coated groups (ACT > 250 s) vs control group patients (ACT > 480 s). The effects of heparin coating related to clinical outcome were studied. Results : The use of heparin-coated circuits reduced the mean length of stay in hospital from 7.8 - 2.5 to 7.3 - 1.8 days ( p = 0.040) and postoperative ventilation time from 9.7 - 9.2 to 8.2 - 8.5 h ( p = 0.018), blood loss 8 h post surgery from 676 - 385 to 540 - 245 ml ( p = 0.001), individual perioperative change of haemoglobin loss ( p = 0.001), leukocyte count ( p = 0.000) and creatinine elevation ( p = 0.000), proportion of patients exposed to allogenous blood transfusions 39.2 vs 23.9% ( p = 0.001), postoperative coagulation disturbances 4.4 vs 0.4% ( p = 0.006), postoperative deviations from the normal postoperative course 47.2 vs 36.7% ( p = 0.035), neurological deviations 9.4 vs 3.9% ( p = 0.021) and atrial fibrillation 26.4 vs 18.0% ( p = 0.041). No effects were found with respect to perioperative platelet count, postoperative fever reaction and 5-year survival. Conclusion : Based on several indicators, the use of heparin coating in cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with improved clinical results. 相似文献
59.
Kirsi Murtomäki MD Tuomas Mertsalmi MD Elina Jaakkola MD PhD Elina Mäkinen MD PhD Reeta Levo RN Tanja Nojonen RN Mikael Eklund BM Simo Nuuttila BM Kari Lindholm RN Eero Pekkonen MD PhD Juho Joutsa MD PhD Tommi Noponen PhD Toni Ihalainen PhD Valtteri Kaasinen MD PhD Filip Scheperjans MD PhD 《Movement disorders》2022,37(6):1284-1289
60.