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91.
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American Diabetes Association The initial draft of this paper was prepared by Rebecca G. Schafer MS RD ; Betsy Bohannon MS RD; Marion J. Franz MS RD; Janine Freeman RD; Alberta Holmes MS RD; Sue McLaughlin RD; Linda B. Haas RN; Davida F. Kruger MSN RN; Rodney A. Lorenz MD; Molly M.McMahon MD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1997,97(1):52-53
94.
Angel J. Amante Herwig-Ulf Meier-Kriesche Linda Schoenberg B. D. Kahan 《Transplant international》1997,10(3):217-222
The initial poor absorption of the corn oil-based, gel capsule oral formulation of cyclosporin (CyA) greatly limits its use
for inception of immunosuppressive therapy. Insufficient drug concentrations during the early post-transplant period predispose
to renal allograft rejection. The present study served to compare the time required to achieve therapeutic CyA concentrations
after de novo administration of the corn oil-based gel capsule (CyA-GC; n = 11) versus the microemulsion (CyA-ME; n = 11) formulation of CyA. During the 1st month after renal transplantation, patients underwent serial pharmacokinetic profiling
from which we obtained observed and dose-corrected values of several parameters. Although patients in neither the CyA-GC nor
the CyA-ME group adequately absorbed the drug during days 0–2, from day 3 to 4 patients in the CyA-ME group showed significantly
greater absorption than those in the CyA-GC group (P = 0.041). Patients in the CyA-ME group reached the 1st month target average concentration (Cav) values ( ≥ 550 ng/ml) earlier than those in the CyA-GC group and required significantly lower daily CyA doses (P = 0.018). We conclude that therapeutic CyA levels can be achieved more rapidly and with lower doses of the drug after de
novo administration of CyA-ME than with CyA-GC.
Received: 13 September 1996 Accepted: 7 January 1997 相似文献
95.
Preoperative superselective arteriolar embolization: a new approach to enhance resectability of spinal tumors 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The extent of surgical resection of spinal tumors is frequently limited by blood loss and technical difficulty associated with the vascularity of the tumors. We report here the use of superselective percutaneous arterial embolization to reduce the rate of blood loss at the time of surgical resection and enhance resectability. The types of tumors treated were metastatic renal carcinoma, metastatic thyroid carcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and giant cell tumor of the sacrum. Two of the patients required repeated embolization and surgery for recurrent symptoms. The estimated blood loss in seven of nine procedures performed on the six patients ranged from 300 to 800 ml, after which no transfusion was required. In two procedures, extensive resection of very large tumors resulted in larger losses of blood, and postoperative transfusion was necessary. No significant complications of embolization or surgery occurred. A key factor in our embolization technique is the use of microfibrillar collagen, which allows occlusion of tumor vessels as small as 20 microns and may prevent reconstitution of the embolized vessels by collateral flow. We conclude that preoperative arterial embolization enhances the resectability of a variety of spinal tumors by reducing intraoperative blood loss. This may provide an additional benefit by reducing the risk related to postoperative transfusion. By permitting a more aggressive surgical approach, the use of preoperative embolization also has the potential to improve outcome in patients with spinal tumors. 相似文献
96.
One thousand two hundred and fifty-four adolescents in Hamilton, New Zealand, ranging in age from 10 to 16, were questioned on their awareness of, and attitudes towards, cigarette advertising, and on their image of the young smoker. Most of the respondents felt that tobacco companies advertise to encourage people to buy their brands. Smokers were less likely than non-smokers to feel that cigarette companies advertise to encourage young people to take up smoking. They were also more likely to agree that cigarette companies are generous, public spirited people. Non-smokers were more likely to feel that cigarette advertising was effective in encouraging young people to smoke. Winfield, the most popular brand among smokers, was also the most well known. Smokers had a more positive image than non-smokers of the young person who smokes. 相似文献
97.
Smoking has recently been identified from epidemiological studies as a possible cause of cataract but the mechanism involved is not known. Therefore, our laboratory has initiated studies aimed at elucidating these mechanisms. Whole bovine lenses were cultured to examine possible effects of cigarette smoke on amino acid uptake and protein synthesis. Cigarette smoke, filtered to remove nicotine and tar which would not reach the eye in vivo, was bubbled through culture medium. Bovine lenses were incubated in this medium in the presence of [14C]-leucine for four days. A significant decrease in uptake of [14C]-leucine and a decrease in protein synthesis were found with smoke treated lenses. This is the first demonstration of an effect of cigarette smoke on the lens. Further work is needed to determine how this metabolic upset is mediated and how it could lead to cataract. 相似文献
98.
David A Todd MSc PhD John Kennedy FRACO † Sharyn Roberts RN Jane Watts RN Kim Psaila RN BApplSc Elizabeth John MD FRACP 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1994,22(1):19-23
From January 1986 to December 1991 we examined the eyes of 206 infants born at Westmead Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit who were less than 29 weeks' gestation at birth to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. Eighty-five infants (41.3%) had no retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in either eye, 82 infants had stages 1 or 2 ROP (39.8%), 29 had stage 3 ROP (14.1%) and 11 had stage 4 ROP (5.3%). Of these, cryotherapy was performed in 18; six now have bilateral retinal detachment and are blind The more severe stages of ROP were significantly associated with an increase in the number of days of oxygen supplementation, an increase in the number of days of mechanical ventilation and the presence of patent ductus arteriosus. Infants receiving steroids for mechanical ventilator dependence had a significantly greater chance of requiring cryotherapy (11 or 22 receiving steroids versus seven of 43 without steroids; P < 0.01). 相似文献
99.
S. S. Kerwar Susan C. Ridge M. Jane Landes Joseph C. Nolan Arnold L. Oronsky 《Inflammation research》1994,43(3-4):206-210
Rabbit inflamed synovial tissue grown in culture synthesizes a factor that induces collagenase synthesis in chondrocytes and in cartilage. Synthesis of this factor by the synovial tissue is inhibited by cycloheximide but not by indomethacin. The factor has an apparent molecular weight of 30,000, is stable to heat and to trypsin treatment but is inactivated by acid. Induction of collagenase synthesis in chondrocytes occurs after a lag period of 6 hours. 相似文献
100.
Paul R. Finley R. Jane Williams Carla Fletcher 《Journal of clinical laboratory analysis》1988,2(4):249-255
We have devised assays to detect both circulating alloantibodies to platelets (indirect assay) and platelet-association IgG and IgM (direct assay) using a flow cytometric technique. A variety of patients with immune thrombocytopenia were studied. Employment of a confocal lens in the flow cytometer increased the discrimination power of the instrument. Patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (idiopathic thrombocytic purpura [ITP], systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lymphoma, leukemia, and drug-induced thrombocytopenia showed a significant increase in platelet-associated antibody. Circulating antibodies to platelets (alloantibodies) were demonstrated in cases of platelet refractoriness and neonatal isoimmune purpura. Day-today precision of the assays ranged from 3% to 6% (coefficient of variation). No interference was shown in the presence of hemoglobin (5 g/L), triglycerides (10 g/L), or polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulinemia (50 g/L: IgG, IgA, IgM). The sensitivity of the direct assay was 500 attograms of IgG or IgM platelet. 相似文献