肝细胞肝癌组织中B细胞淋巴瘤因子9的表达及临床意义

目的 :探讨B细胞淋巴瘤因子9(B-cell lymphoma 9,BCL9)在肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法:采用Western Blot法检测8对新鲜冰冻HCC和对应癌旁组织中BCL9的蛋白表达;采用免疫组织化学法检测100例HCC和对应癌旁组织石蜡切片中BCL9的表达情况,并分析HCC中BCL9的表达与临床病理参数之间的关系。结果:Western Blot结果显示BCL9在HCC中的表达显著高于对应癌旁组织;免疫组化结果显示BCL9在HCC中主要定位于细胞核和细胞质,呈高表达,而在对应癌旁组织中主要定位于细胞质,表达较低或缺失;BCL9在HCC中的表达与肿瘤的分化程度和淋巴侵犯相关(P<0.05),与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、包膜完整、门静脉癌栓、血清HBs Ag、甲胎蛋白及肝硬化无关(P>0.05)。结论:BCL9在HCC中高表达,可能参与了HCC的发生、发展及转移。     

神经外科术后感染脑脊液病原菌分布及耐药变化特点

目的:调查近3年北京天坛医院神经外科术后颅内感染的脑脊液细菌分布特点和耐药变化,为神经外科合理选用抗菌药物治疗颅内感染提供依据。方法:利用医院信息系统查询2010~2012年神经外科术后颅内感染患者的脑脊液培养病原菌的种类、数量、抗菌药物药敏结果等数据,并分类分析近3年内病原菌的流行特点和药敏情况。结果:近3年脑脊液共分离培养出病原菌844株,其中革兰阳性菌639株(75.7%),主要为耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌,对青霉素类抗生素基本耐药,只对万古霉素和利奈唑胺敏感。万古霉素耐药肠球菌由2010年的0株增长到2012年的5株;革兰阴性菌205株(24.3%),主要包括肺炎克雷伯菌,鲍曼不动杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌等。其中鲍曼不动杆菌泛耐药现象十分严重。结论:引起神经外科术后颅内感染细菌耐药越来越严重,必须严密监测细菌耐药和控制预防用药疗程和抗感染药物的滥用。     

某院儿科住院患者盐酸氨溴索注射液使用分析

摘 要 目的:调查某院儿科住院患者盐酸氨溴索注射液（AHI）的使用情况,为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法：回顾性随机抽查某院2014年1～6月191例使用了AHI的儿科住院患者住院病历,对用药适应证、用法用量等进行统计并分析。结果：AHI在191例病历中,用药适应证合理率为99.48%,但在给药途径、用法用量上均存在超说明书情况。结论：临床在儿科患者中使用AHI存在诸多超说明书用药的情况,应加强其规范使用的管理。     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan membranes

The present study investigates a new solvent system for the dissolution of chitosan and a new method for preparing chitosan membranes. First, aqueous tartaric acid was used to pretreat chitosan. Then, the chitosan was precipitated with ethanol or other regenerating agents, and 1.5 mL of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]AC) was added to obtain translucent suspensions. The chitosan membranes were prepared by casting the suspensions on glass plates and allowing solvent evaporation. The structure and properties of the films were investigated by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA. Also, the mechanical properties, as well as physical and chemical characteristics, of the chitosan films were evaluated. The results indicated that the optimum dissolution time was 10 min and the most suitable drying temperature was 60 °C. The thus-prepared film was moderately thick (about 0.02 mm) and had a smooth surface, without curling. The chitosan film prepared by ethanol regeneration had a tensile strength of up to 24 MPa, a minimum swelling degree of 78%, and a water vapor transmission rate of 270 g m⁻² d⁻¹ without the addition of plasticizer.

The present study investigates a new method for preparing chitosan membranes. The thus-prepared film was moderately thick and had a smooth surface, without curling.     

国产注射用美洛西林钠质量评价

目的 通过对20个生产企业的204批注射用美洛西林钠的评价性抽验结果进行分析,评价国产注射用美洛西林钠的质量现状。方法 采用水活度、水分、有关物质等方法测定不同工艺的样品;通过加速试验、多因素相关分析,探索性地考察样品胶塞中部分挥发性物质与药物的相容性,综合评价产品质量。结果 冷冻干燥工艺生产的样品质量及稳定性均较无菌分装样品更好,水分及温度与产品质量密切相关,原料质量是影响制剂质量的关键。结论 国产注射用美洛西林钠总体质量较好,现行质量标准有待提高。     

影响硫嘌呤类药物个体化应用的主要代谢酶遗传多态性的研究进展

硫嘌呤类药物作为一类常用的免疫抑制药,广泛应用于临床。然而其治疗窗窄,药动学个体差异大一直是困扰该类药物临床应用的难题。许多因素可影响硫嘌呤类药物的代谢及药理效应,但其代谢过程中涉及的代谢酶所具有的遗传药理学方面的个体差异被认为是主要因素。近年来各主要代谢酶的遗传多态性对硫嘌呤类药物药动学和药效学的影响也逐渐成为了关注的焦点。因此本文就相关代谢酶(TPMT,ITPA,GST,HPRT,XO,IMPDH及GMPS)的遗传多态性与硫嘌呤类药物疗效和不良反应的相关性进行综述,以期为临床硫嘌呤类药物个体化应用提供指导。     

Nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics of Sageretia theezans fruit

The fruit of Sageretia theezans is one of many underutilized edible fruits that grow along the southern seashores of East Asia. In this study, to evaluate the nutritional and nutraceutical values of S. theezans fruit, the composition of minerals, organic acids, and proximate and fatty acids, the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin content, and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of S. theezans fruit were analyzed. The results indicate that S. theezans fruit could be classified as a potential potassium-, malic acid-, and linoleic/oleic acid-rich fruit. In addition, The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the 70% ethanol (EtOH) crude extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities including free radical scavenging and reducing power activities compared with the same concentration of butylated hydroxytoluene. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. The analysis of the total phenolic and flavonoid content suggested that the remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the EtOAc fraction are due to the presence of high levels of polyphenolic compounds.     

Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor-α blockers for ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and cochrane clinical trial. We estimated Pooled estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and relevant 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed effects model or random effects model as appropriate. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Nine randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria with a total of 2518 patients. Five studies compared Infliximab with placebo. Two studies compared Infliximab to corticosteroids. Two studies compared Adalimumab to placebo. One study compared subcutaneous golimumab to placebo. Short-term response, short-term remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing were better in the TNF-α blocker group than in the control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α blockers decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions (p < 0.05). The TNF-α blockers were superior to controls in achieving short-term clinical response/remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing and decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions.     

Interaction of gallic acid with trypsin analyzed by spectroscopy

The interactions between trypsin and gallic acid (GA) were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and enzymatic inhibition assay. It was found that GA can cause the fluorescence quenching of trypsin during the process of formation of GA-trypsin complex, resulting in inhibition of trypsin activity (IC₅₀ = 3.9 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L). The fluorescence spectroscopic data showed that the quenching efficiency can reach about 80%. The binding constants were 1.9371 × 10⁴ L/mol, 1.8192 × 10⁴ L/mol, and 1.7465 × 10⁴ L/mol at three temperatures, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions were involved in the binding process of GA to trypsin. Molecular modeling studies illustrated a specific display of binding information and explained most of the experiment phenomena. The microenvironments of tryptophan and tyrosine residue in trypsin were changed by the GA. Results indicated that GA was a strong quencher and inhibitor of trypsin.