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921.
Vélez ID Carrillo LM López L Rodríguez E Robledo SM 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2012,86(5):807-811
The largest recorded outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia's history occurred during 2005-2009 in soldiers of the Colombian Army, with ~40,000 cases. This outbreak was caused by the influx of military personnel into the jungle with the mission of combat illicit crops and the guerrilla. The soldiers remain for long periods within the rainforest and are exposed to the bite of infected sand flies. During the military activities, soldiers work with dogs specially trained to detect landmines, and therefore, dogs are also exposed to the infected sand flies and show high incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This work describes an epidemic outbreak of canine CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis in Colombia, South America. The clinical features of the disease and the response to treatment with pentavalent antimonials observed in 72 guard dogs from the Colombian Army are described. A program for prevention and control of canine CL is also discussed. 相似文献
922.
Walz C Ahmed W Lazarides K Betancur M Patel N Hennighausen L Zaleskas VM Van Etten RA 《Blood》2012,119(15):3550-3560
STAT5 proteins are constitutively activated in malignant cells from many patients with leukemia, including the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and polycythemia vera (PV), but whether STAT5 is essential for the pathogenesis of these diseases is not known. In the present study, we used mice with a conditional null mutation in the Stat5a/b gene locus to determine the requirement for STAT5 in MPNs induced by BCR-ABL1 and JAK2(V617F) in retroviral transplantation models of CML and PV. Loss of one Stat5a/b allele resulted in a decrease in BCR-ABL1-induced CML-like MPN and the appearance of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, whereas complete deletion of Stat5a/b prevented the development of leukemia in primary recipients. However, BCR-ABL1 was expressed and active in Stat5-null leukemic stem cells, and Stat5 deletion did not prevent progression to lymphoid blast crisis or abolish established B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAK2(V617F) failed to induce polycythemia in recipients after deletion of Stat5a/b, although the loss of STAT5 did not prevent the development of myelofibrosis. These results demonstrate that STAT5a/b is essential for the induction of CML-like leukemia by BCR-ABL1 and of polycythemia by JAK2(V617F), and validate STAT5a/b and the genes they regulate as targets for therapy in these MPNs. 相似文献
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927.
Marchaim D Chopra T Bogan C Bheemreddy S Sengstock D Jagarlamudi R Malani A Lemanek L Moshos J Lephart PR Ku K Hasan A Lee J Khandker N Blunden C Geffert SF Moody M Hiro R Wang Y Ahmad F Mohammadi T Faruque O Patel D Pogue JM Hayakawa K Dhar S Kaye KS 《American journal of infection control》2012,40(8):760-765
928.
Moody J Cosgrove SE Olmsted R Septimus E Aureden K Oriola S Patel GW Trivedi KK 《American journal of infection control》2012,40(2):94-95
It is clear that the widespread and injudicious use of antimicrobials has greatly increased the presence of MDROs that threaten the health of all. There is worldwide acknowledgement that this threat is growing, and that prudent use of antimicrobials combined with infection prevention can prevent harm and improve patient safety. Antimicrobial stewardship programs must harness the talents of all members of the health care team to effectively identify the organism, determine its susceptibility, institute any precautions required, and prescribe the narrowest-acting antibiotic that will destroy it. IPs/HEs play a pivotal role in this approach, by assisting with early organism and infected patient identification, by promoting compliance with standard and transmission-based precautions and other infection prevention strategies such as care bundle practices, hand hygiene, and by educating staff, patients, and visitors. 相似文献
929.
Naggie S Osinusi A Katsounas A Lempicki R Herrmann E Thompson AJ Clark PJ Patel K Muir AJ McHutchison JG Schlaak JF Trippler M Shivakumar B Masur H Polis MA Kottilil S 《Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)》2012,56(2):444-454
Recent studies have shown that a single-nucleotide polymorphism upstream of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene plays a major role in predicting therapeutic response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin. We sought to investigate the mechanism of the IL28B polymorphism, specifically as it relates to early HCV viral kinetics, IFN pharmacokinetics, IFN pharmacodynamics, and gene expression profiles. Two prospective cohorts (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected) completing treatment with IFN/ribavirin were enrolled. Patients were genotyped at the polymorphic site rs12979860. In the HIV/HCV cohort, frequent serum sampling was completed for HCV RNA and IFN levels. DNA microarray of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and individual expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified on IFN therapy. The IL28B-favorable (CC) genotype was associated with improved therapeutic response compared with unfavorable (CT or TT) genotypes. Patients with a favorable genotype had greater first- and second-phase viral kinetics (P = 0.004 and P = 0.036, respectively), IFN maximum antiviral efficiency (P = 0.007) and infected cell death loss (P = 0.009) compared with unfavorable genotypes. Functional annotation analysis of DNA microarray data was consistent with depressed innate immune function, particularly of natural killer cells, from patients with unfavorable genotypes (P <0.004). Induction of innate immunity genes was also lower in unfavorable genotypes. ISG expression at baseline and induction with IFN was independent of IL28B genotype. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the IL28B-favorable genotype were more likely to have superior innate immune response to IFN therapy compared with unfavorable genotypes, suggesting that the unfavorable genotype has aberrant baseline induction of innate immune response pathways resulting in impaired virologic response. IL28B genotype is associated with more rapid viral kinetics and improved treatment response outcomes independent of ISG expression. 相似文献
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