抗补体蛋白对大鼠局灶脑缺血损伤的作用

0　引言　近年来脑缺血损伤的早期炎症受到重视 .有学者观察到在人脑梗塞部位白细胞集聚 ,临床预后与梗塞部位的白细胞数量有关 ,白细胞多者预后差 [1 ] .还有文献描述了大鼠持续性脑缺血损伤中的多形核中性细胞反应的时间过程 ,收稿日期 :1999-0 3 -2 6;　修回日期 :1999-0 5 -13基金项目 :国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 9170 3 15 ) ;全军医药卫生科研基金资助项目 ( 92 5 0 5 2 )作者简介 :刘　立 ( 195 8-) ,男 (汉族 ) ,江苏省无锡市人 .副教授 ,博士 .Tel.( 0 2 9) 3 3 74819缺血 30 min就可以观察到多形核中性细胞于缺血部位的微血…     

白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子—α在分泌性中耳炎渗出液中表达及…

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), we measured levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in middle ear effusions (MEE) from patients with secretory otitis media (SOM) undergoing auripuncture to study the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease. Significant levels of IL-6 (> 62.5 ng/L) were found in 19 (86.36%) of 22 MEEs and those of TNF-alpha (> 37.5 ng/L) in 19 (70.37%) of 27 MEEs. The mean (+/- s) levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were 507.68 +/- 813.11 ng/L and 186.86 +/- 166.93 ng/L, respectively. It revealed that the shorter the course, the higher the concentration of IL-6 in MEE: the longer the course, the higher the concentration of TNF-alpha in MEE. These findings suggested that during the early stages of SOM, IL-6 might participate in the defensive reaction of organism, while TNF-alpha might be closely related to the persistence of SOM, resulting in an excessive inflammatory reaction with a potential for pathological changes. It is concluded that the immunological mechanisms probably play a significant role in the pathogenesis of SOM.     

DNA拓扑异构酶I抑制剂诱导鼻咽癌上皮细胞凋亡的实验研究

拟从细胞凋亡角度出发，探讨能够诱导鼻咽癌上皮细胞凋亡的因素，为有效地防治该恶性肿瘤提供新的思路。方法：光镜下观察细胞的形态变化；流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化及亚二倍体比例；ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳及二苯胺法测定ＤＮＡ片段化程度。结果：一定浓度的拓扑异构酶Ｉ抑制剂喜树碱（ＣＰＴ）体外作用于人低分化鼻咽癌上皮细胞系ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ细胞一定时间后，镜下可见细胞体积缩小，染色质凝聚，胞膜突起及凋亡小体形成等形态变化。２￣     

扁桃体周脓肿感染途径的探讨

为探讨扁桃体周脓肿的真正发病机理、感染途径，对连续诊治的１３１例扁周脓肿患者进行研究。其中８３例患侧的扁桃体被切除，切除之扁桃体外侧面均平整。通过８３例组织学观察，扁桃体上极表面既无扁桃溃破亦无脓瘘，邻接扁桃体上方之软腭粘膜下发现有感染及／或纤维化的小唾液腺（Ｗｅｂｅｒ腺），这些与扁桃体相邻的腺体在其他非扁周脓肿患者则显示正常形态与结构。从而认为扁桃体周围的化脓性感染可能与Ｗｅｂｅｒ腺有关，而非急性扁桃体炎。主张早期扁桃体切除术治疗扁周脓肿，目的在于获得充分引流。     

会厌瓣在下咽—颈段食管一期重建术中的应用

报告下咽癌切除术后，应用会厌剖开延伸的粘软骨膜瓣修复下咽颈段食管的粘膜缺损8例，术中分别采用会厌瓣和胸骨舌骨肌筋股瓣、会厌瓣和残存下咽粘膜瓣作复合修复，术后恢复良好的吞咽功能，无咽颈瘘发生．临床上虽可应用胃、空肠、结肠和胸大肌肌皮瓣代下咽颈段食管，但手术费时、复杂、病人痛苦大。本术式优点：就近取材，血运丰富，操作简便，成功率高，并发症少。     

Influenza vaccination and the risk of primary cardiac arrest

Influenza epidemics are associated with an excess of mortality not only from respiratory diseases but also from other causes, and cardiovascular mortality increases abruptly during influenza epidemics, with little evidence of a lag period. In a population-based case-control study, the authors examined whether influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest (PCA), a major contributor to cardiovascular mortality in the community. Cases of PCA (n = 342) without prior heart disease or life-threatening comorbidity that occurred in King County, Washington, were identified from paramedic incident reports from October 1988 to July 1994. Demographically similar controls (n = 549) were identified from the community by using random digit dialing. Spouses of subjects were interviewed to assess treatment with influenza vaccine during the previous year and other risk factors. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors, influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of PCA (odds ratio = 0.51, 95 percent confidence interval: 0.33, 0.79). The authors suggest that while the association of influenza vaccination with a reduced risk of PCA is consistent with cohort studies of influenza vaccination and total mortality, further studies are needed to determine whether the observed association reflects protection or selection.     

Detection of Serum Transforming Growth Factor-α in Patients of Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancers by Enzyme Immunoassay

Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) is a potent mitogenic polypeptide. It is secreted by a variety of transformed cells and tumors, modifying tumor growth through autocrine or paracrine mechanism. In the present study, serum levels of TGF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 27 normal females, 116 patients with benign ovarian tumors, and 42 patients with epithelial ovarian cancers (10 with stage I, 7 with stage II, 19 with stage III, and 6 with stage IV). The ELISA assay could detect a minimum level of serum TGF-α concentration at 10 pg/ml. Serum samples were obtained from normal females and from patients with benign or malignant ovarian tumors before initial surgery. The detectable rates were 11% (3/27) in normal females, 28% (32/116) in benign ovarian tumors, and 62% (26/42) in ovarian cancers. The detectable rates in serous and endometrioid ovarian cancers were 71 and 70%, respectively, which were higher than the rate of 33% in mucinous type. However, there was no obvious relationship between the detectability of serum TGF-α and the stages of ovarian cancers. The mean concentration of TGF-α in ovarian cancer was 159.8 pg/ml, which was significantly higher than 27.7 pg/ml in benign ovarian tumors (P< 0.001) as well as 15 pg/ml in normal females (P< 0.001). The mean concentrations of serum TGF-α in stages I to IV ovarian cancers were 133.5, 96.2, 194.8, and 178.3 pg/ml, respectively. The mean concentration of serum TGF-α in any two stages of ovarian cancers was not statistically different. In conclusion, measurement of serum TGF-α can be used as a supplementary tumor marker to differentiate a malignant ovarian tumor from a benign one. However, the concentration of serum TGF-α has no special relation with the stage of ovarian cancer itself. Because of the small number of stage I ovarian cancers with detectable TGF-α in the present investigation, it would probably not be feasible to differentiate a stage I ovarian cancer from a benign ovarian tumor based only on the level of TGF-α in serum.     

糖尿病合并妊娠伴视网膜病变孕妇的临床观察

目的：研究糖尿病合并妊娠伴视网膜病变孕妇的妊娠结局及孕期视网膜病变。方法：回顾性分析１９８１～１９９５年间４９例糖尿病孕妇妊娠情况。伴视网膜病变的１６例分为第Ⅰ组；无视网膜病变的３３例分为第Ⅱ组。第Ⅰ组糖尿病病程平均为８．９２±４．３５年；第Ⅱ组为３．１１±１．７４年。结果：第Ⅰ组孕妇并发症及围产儿发病率较高，但两组比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３１．１％孕妇视网膜病变在孕期加重，但仍属单纯型（背景期）。结论：糖尿病合并妊娠伴眼底病变时，仍可以继续妊娠，但孕期应密切观察眼底变化和严格控制血糖。