Reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 in gestational trophoblastic diseases

To elucidate the involvement of type IV collagenases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9] and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the development of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), we quantified their levels in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma tissues using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the results were compared with those from normal first trimester placenta. Levels of pro-MMP-2 were increased in hydatidiform mole, and they were further elevated in choriocarcinoma. Levels of pro-MMP-9 in choriocarcinoma and those of TIMP-1 in both hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma were also increased. In contrast, TIMP-2 levels were markedly decreased in both hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Similar results were obtained by the tissue culture of first trimester placenta and hydatidiform mole. Gelatin zymography indicated that the levels of both pro- and activated forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were higher in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. The decreased expression of TIMP-2 in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma was confirmed by Western blot, Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, with the decrease being more pronounced in choriocarcinoma. Taken together, the present study shows that both TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels are markedly decreased in GTD and the imbalance of MMP-TIMP production, shifted toward greater MMP activity, may be involved in the pathogenesis of GTD.     

甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法

甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法是在甲襞、球结膜微循环加权积分综合定量评价方法的基础上，保留权值为４、３的指标，同时观察血管清晰度和红细胞聚集二项指标而形成。同时提供其应急观测积分表、异常分度积分值、诊断标准，并与常规方法进行比较，证明其可以反映绝大部分流态类指标和大部分形态类指标及重要的袢周改变，没有丢失微循环重度异常的信息，保证了重度异常诊断的正确。但在大致正常、轻度异常和中度异常的诊断中应急方法部有判重的倾向，说明应急方法漏掉了一些信息，不能全面地了解微循环的改变，造成了判重的倾向。因此应急方法不能代替常规方法，只能在特定条件下应用。     

复杂胸椎骨折中CT图像三维重建的应用探讨

目的直观立体地显示复杂胸椎骨折的图像，探讨螺旋CT医学图像三维重建在复杂胸椎骨折诊断中的价值及其对手术的指导意义。方法对92例胸椎骨折患者采用螺旋CT进行薄层扫描和三维重建进行诊断。CT扫描全部采用Siemens SOMATOM Sensation16型多排高速螺旋CT机，1．0mm层厚。扫猫所得断层资料通过网络传送至计算机工作站进行处理，采用Window．NT3．51平台上Insisht三维重建软件进行三维重建。结果三维CT图像能够围绕X轴和Z轴任意旋转、切割以从不同角度观察，能够清晰显示复杂的胸椎骨折和狭窄椎管的解剖形态特点。结论三维CT重建在胸椎骨折方面具有很大的临床应用价值，有助于提高脊柱骨折手术的安全性和精确性并对患者预后的估计提供帮助。     

Combined use of positive and negative immunomagnetic isolation followed by real-time RT-PCR for detection of the circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancers

To establish a novel molecular diagnostic method of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) LS174T colon cancer cells were serially diluted with normal blood. Additional peripheral blood samples were collected from 25 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were collected, equally divided into four parts, and then cancer cells were enriched by four methods: method A, nonimmunobead method; method B, negative immunobead method: CD45 immunomagnetic beads were used to deplete the leukocytes; method C, positive immunobead method: Ber-EP4 immunomagnetic beads were used to enrich cancer cells; method D, negative-and-positive immunobead method: CD45 immunomagnetic beads were first used to deplete the leukocytes from MNC and then Ber-EP4 immunomagnetic beads were used to enrich cancer cells. Finally, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to monitor mRNA expression of ₂-mircoglobulin (2M) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The relative CEA mRNA values were corrected with reference to 2M mRNA, to CEA mRNA/2M mRNA ratios according to a CEA mRNA external standards prepared with tenfold serial dilutions (1–10⁴ IS174T cells) of cDNA and 2M mRNA external standards prepared with tenfold serial dilutions (10²–10⁷ leukocytes) of cDNA. In recovery experiments a significant correlation between the number of cancer cells and CEA mRNA expression was found when CD45 or Ber-EP4 immunomagnetic beads were used alone. A highly significant correlation was found when CD45 and Ber-EP4 immunomagnetic beads were used successively. The sensitivity of method D was one cancer cell per milliliter of blood. Circulating cancer cells were detected in 19 of 25 patients with colorectal cancers. The relative CEA mRNA value obtained by method D was the smallest. The positive detection rate of circulating cancer cells in patients at Dukes B, C, and D stages were 25.0% (1/4), 83.3% (10/12), and 88.9% (8/9). Combinative use of immunomagnetic isolation followed by real-time RT-PCR is a useful technique to detect circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal carcinomas. Applying negative and positive immunomagnetic beads successively yields the highest correlation with amount of tumor cells.     

围产期母亲和胎儿心动周期信号分析

同时分析围产期胎儿和孕妇心动周期信号的数字特征(混沌和谱特征)以评价自主神经系统功能。用可视化程序设计的方法实现提取和分析围产期母亲和胎儿心动周期信号。受试者取仰卧位，心电信号从置于腹壁下部耻骨联合导联获得。胎儿心电信号用小波分解进行信号预处理。采用本实验室已经完成开发的技术实现心动周期信号数字特征的分析。该系统可以评价胎儿和孕妇的自主神经系统功能，特别是分别定量评价交感和副交感神经系统功能；该系统还可用以预测胎儿窘迫。胎儿和其它年龄段的心动周期信号数字特征随年龄的变化提示了自主神经系统的发育、成熟和衰老的生理过程，基于这一点我们可以寻找抗衰老的方法；胎儿的心动周期信号数字特征介于新生儿和成人之间，提示胎儿的自主神经系统的调节可能受母体神经内分泌系统的影响。     

重点理工科高校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素的研究

目的探讨重点理工科学校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素,为进行针对性的干预提供依据。方法以广东某重点理工高校2007级的大一学生为研究对象,采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、应付方式问卷进行测评。结果测查学生不论男女状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均显著高于地方常模;19.29%的学生睡眠质量较差;高状态焦虑组和高特质焦虑组解决问题、求助应付因子分均显著低于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组,而自责、幻想、退避应付因子分则显著高于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组;多元逐步回归分析说明,学生如常采用解决问题应付方式,在一定程度上可避免焦虑的产生,而睡眠质量差、采用自责应对方式则可加重焦虑水平。结论采取有效的认知应对策略其意义是使学生改变应激源,以使其变得威胁较小或变成挑战,把情绪基调训练成兴奋、期待和征服。     

孕早期宫颈分泌物中获取胎儿细胞DNA进行产前诊断的可行性

目的：探索获取胎儿细胞DNA用于产前基因诊断的可行性，及能否用于预期胎儿性别。方法：收集92例孕早期人工流产妇女宫颈分泌物和绒毛组织，提取宫颈分泌物中DNA，扩增Y染色体特异重复序列DNA。短期培养制备绒毛染色体，分析核型确定流产胎儿性别。结果：92例经绒毛染色体核型分析的人工流产胎儿中，正确预期胎儿性别72例，准确率78％。结论：采集孕早期宫颈分泌物，可获得胎儿滋养层细胞DNA用于产前诊断，其准确性和可靠性有待进一步提高。     

标准位X线片上胸腰椎椎弓根轴线的放射学研究

目的:研究标准正位X线片上T9～L5椎弓根轴线的放射学表现。方法:10具T9～L5脊柱标本,解剖成单个椎体。直视下沿椎弓根轴线置入导针。测量分析下列数据:标准侧位X线片显示导针达到椎体后壁及椎弓根中段时,标准正位X线片导针在椎弓根投影内的距离与椎弓根投影最大横径的百分比。另选4具T9～L5脊柱标本,根据上述数据,X线分步监测椎弓根螺钉植入。结果:标准正位X线片导针位于椎弓根中段时的百分比为(49.16±1.84)%～(51.83±2.53)%,各节段及左右侧椎弓根差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);导针位于椎体后壁时的百分比为(61.13±6.09)%～(74.68±6.13)%,左右椎弓根之间、T10￣T12之间、T9与L1￣L5之间差异分别无统计学意义(P>0.05),T10￣12与T9、L1￣5差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。植入72枚螺钉,68枚位于椎弓根中心,4枚穿破椎弓根,穿破率5.56%。结论:标准正位X线片导针在椎弓根投影内的比值能间接表达椎弓根轴线,可为经椎弓根手术确定正确的进针轨道提供一种参考。     

Complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parapneumonic effusion and empyema are recognized complications of bacterial pneumonia. Optimal management in children, especially the duration of parenteral antibiotics and the role of surgery, is controversial. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, management, outcome, and bacterial etiology of 59 patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema treated at a single medical center in Kaohsiung from January 1995 to March 2004. METHODS: The diagnosis of complicated parapneumonic effusion was based on the specific characteristics of pleural fluid, computed tomography or ultrasound findings, or direct visualization of loculations during the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Causative agents were culture-confirmed in 42% of the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading pathogen in this series (20% of cases). None of the S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for 19% of cases based on immunoglobulin M assay. CONCLUSIONS: An initial combination therapy regimen consisting of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone plus macrolide provided reasonable activity against 80% of the pathogens isolated in this series. This study also revealed that prolonged parenteral antibiotic treatment resulted in longer length of hospital stay.     

心肌细胞膜通道电流及其动力学研究

建立了心肌细胞膜离子通道钠电流，钾电流和钙电流的动力数学模型，探讨了离子通道动力学机制，为进一步整合各离子电流数学模型用以研究动作电位全过程和为动物实验以及临床研究提供理论基础。